INTERNAL SECRETIONS OF SEXUAL GLANDS 87 



Stanley and Kelker (1920) may be referred to. These surgeons 

 transplanted on to men suffering from testicular atrophy or 

 abnormal sexuaUty testicles taken from executed individuals. 

 The graft was simply placed in the scrotum or sewn together 

 with the freshly cut atrophying testicle. The last method 

 (already used in 1902 by Mauclaire for testicular autotrans- 

 plantation) gave better results. The effect on the sexual 

 behaviour was extraordinarily striking; a man of 72, having 

 received a double testicular graft from an Indian of 19, had 

 an erection on the third night after operation, although he 

 had experienced none for many years. Changes of voice 

 and vision (in a man of 54) were also observed. Moreover, the 

 authors record a general improvement in condition, the 

 operated men being livelier, moving more rapidly and feeling 

 in better condition generally. 



Many of the testicular transplantations performed during 

 recent years have been successful, whereas others have had 

 no effect, the graft degenerating and disappearing sooner or 

 later. Probably the number of unsuccessful transplantations 

 is much greater than those which were successful, since surgeons 

 are naturally more inclined to make public a therapeutical 

 success than a result which is negative or unsuccessful. But in 

 discussing the practical side of the question it is obvious that the 

 unsuccessful cases must be taken into consideration. The techni- 

 cal side of the transplantation operation is undoubtedly of great 

 importance. And failure when it occurs should not be allowed 

 to cause discouragement in the use of the method. It is also of 

 practical interest that even very minute testicular fragments 

 may suffice for the full development of the sexual characters 

 {Pezard, 1918; Lipschiitz, Ottow and Wagner, 1920, 1921). 



That failure should often be met with ought to be only an 

 incentive to discover better methods for increasing the chance 

 of survival of the autoplastic or homoioplastic graft. This is 

 the only practical conclusion to be drawn from what we actually 

 know about testicular transplantation. It is of importance 

 also to obtain more certain knowledge as to the cases in 

 which testicular transplantation is indicated. There are 

 indeed many conditions of eunuchoidism in which testicular 

 transplantation must necessarily be unsuccessful; in eunu- 

 choidism testicular transplantation is indicated only when 

 it is caused primarily by testicular dystrophia and not by a 



