8 



INTERNAL SECRETIONS 



that there are two different types of "castrates," the fatty and 



the thin one. It suffices to compare the two figures {3 and 5). 



The skeleton of the castrated individual shows also some 



characteristic changes. The zone of proliferation of the 



epiphyses in the extremities re- 

 mains longer than normally. 

 Tandler and Gross observed by 

 X-rays the persistence of the zone 

 of proliferation in the proximal 

 epiphysis of the humerus in a 

 35-years-old Skopec, of whom it 

 was said that he had been cas- 

 trated at the age of 8 ; the same 

 observation was made on a 26- 

 years-old Skopec. As the growth 

 of the long bones is continued 

 beyond the usual time, the cas- 

 trated individual attains a greater 

 height, caused by the longer 

 growth of the under extremities. 

 Owing to this there is a dis- 

 proportion, the under part of the 

 body being too long as compared with the upper part. In ten 

 Skopecs who had an average height of 178 cm. Pittard found a 

 length of 1 01. 9 cm. for the leg, whereas the average length of 

 the leg in Frenchmen of the same height was 91.8 cm. {Martin, 

 1914). 



The pelvis of the castrated man has a juvenile form. 

 The larynx of the castrated man is in its shape like a sHghtly 

 enlarged infantile larynx, and the voice remains for the whole 

 of life the same as in the normal boy before puberty. It is 

 well known that the Church of Rome formerly made use of 

 castration systematically to obtain ' soprani ' for singing. 



All examined Skopecs were found to have an extremely small 

 thyroid gland. We have no exact knowledge on this point. In 

 regard to the hypophysis we have direct knowledge only from 



Fig. 3. — Scopec of 28, castrated at 

 the age of i6. Hair of head 

 thick, but face hairless. Fat 

 deposits in the lateral part of 

 the eyehds. Short neck. The 

 larynx was found to be not 

 prominent. — From Tandler 

 and Gross. 



taken me as his servant. . . Will you come with me ? He will take 

 you also if I only say a word to him. . . . They will cut away from you 

 what you do not need and will give you money. For them it is a matter of 

 great rejoicing if they can maim a man, they reward him richly. . . . 

 The Skopec stood on board with a white bundle under his arm, awkward and 

 swollen Uke one drowned, staring fixedly at Jacob. . ." 



