6 INTERNAL SECRETIONS 



congenitally absent are very problematic, as Tandler and 

 Gross have shown in a critical analysis. But a deficient 

 development of the testicles and ovaries has often been 

 observed; this is a matter which we shall discuss later. 



C. c. p. 



C. c. ur. 



Observations. 



The morphological and physiological changes which follow 

 castration vary according to the age at which the organism is 

 castrated. 



(a) After prepuberal castration in man {Tandler and Gross, 

 1909, 1910), i.e., after castration in the first decade of life, as 

 for instance in the Russian religious sect 

 known as Skopecs, the genital organs do 

 not develop in a normal manner. In 

 the adult prepuberally castrated man we 

 find the penis, the vesiculae seminales 

 and the prostate underdeveloped. They 

 are abnormally small. Tandler and Gross 

 made the interesting statement that the 

 corpus cavernosum urethrae of such a 

 penis attains a normal development, and 

 Fig. 1.— Section through that only the corpora cavernosa penis 

 fs^ye^rs'^o^.^'Tl ^^e underdeveloped (Figs. 1 and 2). The 

 cc.p. = Corp. cav. histological examination of the prostate 

 ?av.* urethrar^'The ^^^^^ ^ Scarcity of glandular tissue. The 

 c. cav. ur. almost vas deferens is relatively thin, with an 



normally developed; muroc;a 



c. cav. pen. much ^^^^ mucosa. 



reduced.— From In the distribution and the develop- 



Tandie^r^ and^Gross. ^^^^ ^f ^^^ ^13,11 of the body characteristic 



with Fig. 2.) abnormalities may be observed. The 



beard does not develop {Fig. 3). Only 



lanugo is present on the face. But in old age there may be, 



according to Tandler, a development of the beard like that 



present in old women. Diagnostically very important is the 



abnormal distribution of hair in the regio pubis. In the 



normal man {Fig. 4) the hair in this region is limited by a 



convex line, and in individuals with much hair there is a 



triangle of hair, having this convex line as the base and the 



navel as the apex. On the contrary, in the prepuberally 



castrated man we find, as in the normal woman, an horizontal, 



