RESULTS OF CASTRATION 41 



cock, but that he fights hke the cock. Pezard's records 

 are more definite; according to him the capon does not even 

 crow Hke a cockerel at the time of the sexual metamorphosis ; 

 the cry of the capon is rather like the monosyllabic clucking 

 of the hen ; the capon is tame, peaceful and apathetic. Pezard 

 never observed a cock fighting with a capon, as the latter 

 retreated when the cock approached. The behaviour of the 

 capon is, in a general way, a neutral one, as Pezard says. He 

 does not seek the hen, and never shows sexual interest. Pezard 

 also found no evidence for the statement that the capon some- 

 times shows female instincts. In view of all these observations 

 of Pezard we may conclude that in the prepuberally castrated 

 cock a male psycno-sexual behaviour does not develop. It is 



a b c d 



s- 



Fig. 28. — Head apparel in the cock castrated when one year old. a = at time of 

 operation; b = 26 da3"s after operation; = 36 days after operation; 

 d = 3i months after operation.- — From Pezard. 



probable that the differences in the statements of the various 

 authors as to the psycho-sexual behaviour of the capon are to 

 be explained by castration not always being complete. Some 

 experiments of Foges, Pezard, and Goodale support this sugges- 

 tion; consequently the results of castration may be partly 

 counteracted. But Foges points out that the amount of 

 testicular substance must not be too small if they are to produce 

 a visible effect ; his observations in regard to quantity, however, 

 are not very definite. Similar observations have been made by 

 Shattock and Seligmann (1904), and lately by Pezard; we shall 

 deal with this question of the relation existing between the 

 quantity of the sexual gland and its effect in another chapter, 

 where we shall describe also our own observations on mammals. 



