INTERNAL SECRETION OF TESTICLE 145 



experiments, we met with the following objections to the con- 

 clusions of Bouin and Ancel. In experiments (Lipschiitz and co- 

 workers, 1922-23) where only very small testicular fragments 

 were left in the body (young guinea pigs), and where sometimes 

 a very small quantity of interstitial cells was present, an almost 

 or quite normal development of the sexual characters occurred 

 (Fig. 73). In some cases where we left small testicular 

 fragments, we observed a retardation in the development of 

 the sexual characters. First, I supposed (1920, 1921 c) that 

 this retardation was due to the quantity of the hormone being 

 diminished, and that the velocity of the reaction of the somatic 

 substratum was diminished somewhat after the manner of 

 enz5mie reactions. But as we have already seen, an under- 

 development of the testicular fragment occurs sometimes 

 {Fig. 65), and the underdevelopment of the sexual characters, 

 or the eunuchoidism, can be explained as due to the under- 

 development of the testicle (1921 f). In another case (Lipschutz, 

 Wagner and Bormann, 1922 e) we found that a retardation 

 in the development of the testicle can really be determined 

 experimentally. I made horizontal incisions of the testicles 

 (Fig. 64, III.) of a young rabbit, the penis of which remained 

 infantile till about the seventh month, when a rapid puberal 

 development began. The microscopical observation showed 

 that spermatogenesis was stopped by desquamation occurring, 

 whereas the interstitial cells were well developed (Fig. 66). In 

 view of these observations I am incHned to explain the quanti- 

 tative statements of Bouin and Ancel on pigs with retained 

 testicles in a different way from them. I think that the differ- 

 ences they observed in the sexual characters were caused by a 

 different degree of retardation in the development of the 

 retained testicle in individual cases. (See also Section 4 of this 

 chapter.) 



Bouin and Ancel (1904 d) made also quantitative experi- 

 ments on pigs with retained testicles. On pigs with one 

 retained testicle they removed the normal testicle at an age of 

 six weeks. They stated that in the retained testicle a marked 

 h3rpertrophy of the interstitial cells took place, whereas the 

 number of cells of Sertoli remained unaltered (Figs. 74, 75). 

 The weight of such a retained testicle was about twice as great 

 as that of a retained testicle in the presence of a second normal 

 testicle. These statements of Ancel and Bouin were confirmed 



