SEX SPECIFIC ACTION OF HORMONES 295 



feminized one, than between a normal male and a normal 

 female ; Steinach speaks here also of an hyperfeminization due to 

 an increased hormonic action of the proHferated endocrine cells 

 of the ovary during the period of body growth. It must be 

 pointed out, however, that normal animals show great indi- 

 vidual variation in regard to body weight. Definite conclusions 

 in this field can be drawn only from very extensive data. 



We have already mentioned that after the disappearance or 

 degeneration of an ovarian graft which had a feminizing effect, 

 the teats and the mammary glands ceased to develop. Steinach 

 observed in these cases also an increase of body weight, the 

 animals attaining in a few weeks the weight of normal males. 



Sand has not directed 

 his attention to the ques- gr ^ 



tion of the body weight; 

 he had his experimental 

 animals under observation 

 no longer than a few 

 months, whereas a striking 

 difference in body weight 

 betwen normal and femi 

 nized male was observed 

 by Steinach at an age of 

 about six months. The 

 question as to the influ- 

 ence of the sex gland on 

 body weight is discussed 

 more fully by Moore (19 19) 

 in the section on 



/^ 



182 



214 



246 



278 



150 

 days 



Fig. 117. — Body weight of castrated 

 and feminized male rats. — Drawn 

 from figures of Steinach (19 12, 

 table 2, p. 95). 



We shall deal with his criticisms 

 Masculinization. " 

 There are, according to Steinach, striking differences also 

 in the body proportions between the normal and the feminized 

 male (Figs. 118 and 119). Steinach made for this purpose 

 several direct measurements and examined X-ray plates of 

 normal and experimental animals. Further, Steinach describes 

 differences in the coat of the rat, the long, coarse and rough 

 hair of the male becoming transformed in the feminized animal 

 into the short fine and soft hair of the normal female. Steinach 

 claims also to have observed an accumulation of fat in the pelvic 

 region of the feminized male in a manner characteristic of the 

 female; he believes further that this accumulation of fat is 

 absent in those castrated males in which the engrafted ovary 



