298 INTERNAL SECRETIONS 



raising of one of the hind legs and moving it for averting the 

 leaping of the male. 



It must be said that it is very difficult to draw conclusions 

 concerning the psycho-sexual behaviour of the rat and guinea 

 pig. Sand was uncertain as to whether female erotization of 

 his somatically feminized rats really occurred, although there 

 were some indications of this happening; there was no tail-reflex 

 and no averting-reflex. On the contrary, Moore relates 

 that in his experiments some of the male rats with successful 

 ovarian grafts exhibited unmistakable maternal behaviour 

 towards young ones. In the experiments with guinea pigs into 

 which ovaries were successfully engrafted, and which showed 

 a marked hypertrophy of the mammary gland, the same author 

 was uncertain about the occurrence of female erotization; 

 the behaviour of his four feminized male guinea pigs was 

 masculine in every respect. They showed no feminine instincts 

 towards young animals, and even frightened them away when 

 the young made attempts to suck. We see, therefore, con- 

 siderable discrepancy in the results of different investigations. 

 We shall meet with similar disagreement when deahng with 

 the experiments upon mascuHnization. But notwithstanding 

 all these contradictory details, the experiments of Steinach 

 and of his successors leave no doubt that the sexual hormones 

 in the mammal erotize the central nervous system in a sex 

 specific manner. 



It has been claimed by different authors that the female has 

 a higher body temperature than that of the male {cf. Tiger- 

 stedt, 1910; Przibram, 1923). vSimilar results were obtained by 

 Hans Przibram (1915, 1923) and his pupils (Bier ens de Haan, 

 1922) on the rat, and by Steinach and myself on the guinea pig 

 {1916 a, 1917 c). Our figures seemed to show also that the 

 body temperature of the castrated female is lower than that 

 of the normal female, whereas the temperature of the castrated 

 male remains unaltered. Steinach stated that the body 

 temperature of the feminized male is as high as that of the 

 normal female. In view of these considerations it seemed 

 justifiable to conclude that there is a feminization of the 

 castrated male by the ovary in regard to body temperature. 

 One might suppose that the sexual hormones act in a specific 

 manner on those parts of the central nervous system upon 

 which the regulation of the body temperature depends; it 



