302 INTERNAL SECRETIONS 



male; in the female the vagina between the perineum and 

 the opening of the bladder is formed. We may suppose that 

 these sex characters, already fixed under the influence of the 

 sexual gland, will not be changed in experimental feminization 

 or masculinization in the same manner as during intra- 

 uterine life. This question will be discussed more fully in 

 Chapter XI. 



Next to the hypertrophied corpora cavernosa of the clitoris 

 in the masculinized female there are two spikes to be found, 

 which are very similar to the horny styles in the cavity of 

 the intromittent sac of the corpora of the normal male. The 

 styles of the masculinized female differ from the normal ones 

 in colour, size and position. The last-mentioned difference may 

 be explained by the absence of the corpus cav. ur. and of the 

 intromittent sac. We have seen in a preceding chapter that the 

 horny styles are to be seen in the prepuberally castrated 

 male as very small spots, or else they are absent altogether; 

 they are much reduced after postpuberal castration. Now 

 we see the reverse of this phenomenon : the engrafted testicle 

 causes formation of horny styles, which are, however, 

 somewhat different from the normal ones. It may be 

 remarked that all these transformations are absent in 

 the ordinary castrated female, and it is clear that they are 

 produced by a sex specific action on the part of the engrafted 

 testicle. 



When the preputium of the masculinized female is drawn 

 back, one finds the red excrescences covered with a whitish- 

 yellow secretion, evidently a preputial secretion like that 

 present in great quantity especially on the short penis of 

 the prepuberal "castrate" {cf. p. 21). The same factors 

 which cause an accumulation of preputial secretion in the 

 "castrate" are obviously at work also in the masculinized 

 animal. 



The process of transformation of the clitoris into a penis-like 

 organ under the influence of the testicular graft is different 

 from the process of transformation of the teats and the mam- 

 mary glands in the feminized male, in that the penis-like organ 

 does not attain the normal size and the normal shape of the 

 penis. This question will be discussed more full}^ in 

 Chapter XI. 



The observations on the penis-like organ of the masculinized 



