INTERSEXUALITY 403 



the greater the quantity of the heterosexual hormone above the 

 normal. Since the degree of transformation into the other sex 

 is the higher the earlier the inversion takes place, the degree of 

 intersexuality, according to Goldschmidt's supposition, will be 

 a function of the quantitative relation between the male and 

 female hormones. 



Sexton and Huxley also are inclined to explain the differences 

 as to the degree of intersexuahty in Gammarus by a time factor. 



We have emphasized the experiments of Goldschmidt, 

 because they show us that the great variability of intersexual 

 types, as experimentally produced in Goldschmidt's crosses, 

 may be understood as caused by a variation in the quantitative 

 relations between the male and the female hormones, and by a 

 variation in the time at which the antagonistic action of the 

 one becomes dominant. The explanation Goldschmidt gives 

 of his experiments corresponds to what we proposed in fore- 

 going sections in explaining the phenomena of variability in 

 the domain of intersexuality among mammals and birds. 



D. CLASSIFICATION. 



Though it is not yet possible to demonstrate how far inter- 

 sexuality in mammals and birds or other vertebrates is really 

 caused by an intersexuality of the sex gland, and though the 

 question cannot be definitely answered whether the generative 

 part or some other part of the sex gland is the factor condition- 

 ing intersexuality, it seems clear that, in the face of the numer- 

 ous experimental data obtained since Steinach's work, the 

 notions of true hermaphroditism and false hermaphroditism no 

 longer correspond to our knowledge of the morphogenetic basis 

 of intersexuality. Neither does this classification take a due 

 account of the great variability observed in the field of inter- 

 sexuality.^ As already remarked, the old division into true 

 and false hermophroditism tacitly expresses the assumption 

 that there exists a genetic dependence of the sex characters 

 upon the generative cells, or that "sex" is characterized only 

 by the gonad. But all we know for certain is that there may be 

 an hormonic intersexuality, the hormones being produced 



^ For a careful description of cases of intersexuality in man see especially 

 Neugebauer (1908); also Hirschfeld (19 18, vol. 2). For different classifications 

 of intersexuality see especially Halban (1903), Neugebauer (1908), Meisen- 

 heimev (1909), Sauerbeck (1909, 191 1), Hirschfeld (1918). 



