INTERSEXUALITY 355 



(1910) found that in the guinea. pig the ovary can survive and 

 develop normally even when engrafted into a normal male. 

 Lately new experiments on this question have been published 

 by Moore (1920, 1921), who like Schultz succeeded in successful 

 transplantation of ovaries into male rats possessing a normal 

 testicle. The graft became vascularized and was observed for at 

 least eight and a half months. All the characteristic structures 

 of the normal ovary, excepting corpora lutea, were present. 

 On the other hand, pieces of testis were engrafted into female 

 guinea pigs possessing one normal ovary; the graft persisted 

 for at least eight months. The graft behaved Uke the testicular 

 graft in general, i.e., the seminiferous tubules underwent 

 degeneration. In view of all these experiments Moore comes 

 to the conclusion that there is no indication of an antagonism 

 between the ovary and the testis. Fisher (1923) at the sug- 

 gestion of Moore engrafted intraperitoneally or subcutaneously 

 two ovaries into male rats having both testicles in situ ; in seven 

 out of eight animals operated, one or both grafts persisted for 

 at least three to five months. But it may be added that with 

 guinea pigs Moore, like Steinach and Sand, always had negative 

 results (Moore, 1921 a, p. 136). This, however, does not 

 signify much in view of the older experiments of Schultz on 

 guinea pigs and of those of Moore and Fisher on rats. 



I think that the question of the antagonism between the 

 glands of both sexes is by no means negatively decided by 

 Moore's and Fisher's experiments. It is very significant that, 

 according to these observers, there was never any influence upon 

 the somatic and psychical sex characters in those experiments 

 in which an ovary or a testicle was implanted in the body of 

 the other sex without previous castration of the host; on the 

 contrary, in the related experiments of Steinach and Sand where 

 ovarian and testicular grafts were made simultaneously, or 

 w^here an intratesticular ovarian graft was performed, both 

 glands exhibited a very pronounced influence on the somatic and 

 psychical sex characters, as we shall see below. It must, how- 

 ever, be pointed out that male rats are not very suitable for ob- 

 serving the feminizing influence of the ovary, since teats and 

 mammary glands are absent in the male; as to the female 

 with a testicular graft, Moore does not mention whether, like 

 Sand, he examined the condition of the clitoris. But, on the 

 other hand, a recent observation of Sand (1922 c) is of great 



