INTERSEXUALITY 357 



resist against two ovaries engrafted, both causing sex specific 

 honnonic effects. But the chance of survival of the ovarian 

 graft seems to depend upon the quantity of testicle simultane- 

 ously present in the body, and the time of latency of the 

 feminine hormonic effect surely depends upon the quantity of 

 testicle. In those experiments in which an intrarenal ovarian 

 transplantation was made, both testicles remaining in situ, we 

 never obtained a positive feminine effect. If in similar negative 

 experiments the testicles are removed about 7 to 8 weeks after 

 the ovarian transplantation there may be a positive feminine 

 effect after a short time of latency. These latter experiments 

 show in a most striking manner that an antagonism exists 

 between the gonad in situ and the engrafted gonad. But this 

 antagonism is not necessarily to be understood in the sense 

 that the development of the graft is definitely inhibited; an 

 inhibitory influence might reveal itself in retarding follicular 

 development and the production of sex hormones ; consequently 

 again the time of latency might be lengthened, and the chance 

 of survival also diminished. Whether this antagonism 

 is an antagonism of hormones simultaneously circulating in the 

 body cannot yet be said. Some experiments (Lipschiitz and 

 Voss; Lipschiitz, Lange and Tiitso) in which there was only 

 an operative interference on the testicle without the testicular 

 mass being reduced, were also positive and the time of latency 

 was rather a short one.^ It is possible that the antagonism 

 between the gonad in situ and the engrafted gonad . is not 

 of a sex specific order, i.e., that the ovarian graft also 

 in females will exhibit an hohnonic effect only when the 

 gonads in situ have been previously removed or reduced. 

 We cannot go into further details here. But on the basis 

 of our new experiments it seems clear that the problem of the 

 antagonism of the sex glands is very far from being negatively settled. 



As to the fowl the situation seems at first glance a 

 conflicting one, and I think that here also a quantitative factor 

 is involved. 



Goodales experiments (1918, p. 283) on fowls gave mostly 

 negative results. Nine young cocks were unilaterally castrated 

 or one testicle was injured and an ovary was engrafted; the 



1 The fact that the intratesticular ovarian graft can exhibit an hormonic 

 effect, even when both testicles are present, might be due to the operative 

 interference on the testicle as in the above experiments of Lipschiitz and his 

 co-workers. 



