INTERSEXUALITY * 359 



Matsuyama's experiments there was no endocrine influence 

 even on the partner if a normal male was parabiotically 

 united with a castrated male. When a castrated female was 

 united with a normal one, degeneration of the ovaries took 

 place as with a transplanted or irradiated ovary; there was 

 an intensified development of the mammary gland of the 

 normal partner, whereas the mammary glands of the castrated 

 partner behaved like those in an ordinary castrated female. 

 Similar observations were recently made by Goto (1922). 

 It seems to me very difficult to judge from the description 

 given by Matsuyama how far the question of the mutual 

 influence of parabiotically united partners has been decided 

 by his experiments, but I think that the experiments should 

 provide incentive for further research by the method indicated. 

 Lillie (1923) considers that the description of the organs of 

 the freemartin (see p. 388) are a further proof of an antagonism 

 between the male and female hormone-producing gonads. 



2. Somatic Characters of the Experimental 

 Hermaphrodite. 



In castrated male guinea pigs, into which a simultaneous 

 implantation of both testicle and ovary had been made, the 

 penis and the seminal vesicles were well developed; the pro- 

 portions and also the filling of the seminal vesicles were normal 

 (Sand, 1918); the coagulation of the vesicular content under 

 the influence of prostatic secretion takes place in a normal way 

 {Lifschutz and Krause, 1923 a). The honnonic action of the 

 ovarian graft was easily seen in the teats ; the length of the teats 

 was in Sand's experiments more than -5 cm., as compared with 

 I to 2 mm. in the normal male; the teats were like those of 

 an ordinary female, sometimes like those of a female during 

 pregnancy or even lactation (Figs. 127, 128). In some of the 

 cases recorded by Stcinach (1916 b, p. 322) and Sand (1918, 

 pp. 163 and 171) milk secretion occurred as well. Evidently 

 the testicle was not able to inhibit the development of the female 

 sex characters, or to hinder the hormonic action of the ovarian 

 graft, whereas the engrafted ovary was not able to inhibit the 

 growth of the male sex characters. It seems that the stimulat- 

 ing action of both sex glands can take place in the experimental 

 hermaphrodite, but that the inhibiting action of both glands is 

 suppressed. A similar statement was made by Moore: the 



