38o INTERNAL SECRETIONS 



is not very uncommon in some species such as pigs and goats. 

 As to the pig the detailed observations of Pick (1916) are to 

 be mentioned in the first instance. He examined about half 

 a million pigs in the Berlin slaughter-house; six cases of 

 true glandular hermaphroditism were found. This means 

 that there is one true hermaphrodite in 80,000 animals. In 

 his cases the internal genital organs were intersexual, there 

 being an ovariotestis, while both the uterus and the vasa 

 deferentia were developed. In some cases the external genitalia 

 were female, in others decidedly male or transitional between 

 female and male. Both the ovary and the testicle could be 

 recognised beyond any doubt. The seminal tubules were in an 

 infantile stage, but the quantity of interstitial cells was very 

 great. Ripening of the follicles had been going on in the ovary, 

 as well as cystic degeneration. I had the opportunity of seeing 

 in Prof. Landau's clinic in Berlin the preparations of Pick's 

 animals, and I had the impression that transitional stages 

 from a well developed ovary to a cystically degenerated one 

 were present; in one case the ovary was transformed into a 

 thin capsule of a great cyst. On the other hand Pick stated 

 that in a case where there was a testicle on one side and an 

 ovary on the other, remains of a testicle could be seen on the 

 surface of the ovary or in the fibrous tissue between the corpora 

 lutea. The observations show in a most striking manner that 

 in those cases where an ovary and a testicle are simultaneously 

 present, there is also a somatic intersexuality. Further Pick's 

 observations make it very probable that in some cases the 

 ovary was on the way to disappear or, in other words, that 

 in an intersexual individual the gonad of one sex may finally 

 disappear, the intersexual gland thus being transformed into 

 a monosexual one. The result is an individual belonging to 

 the group of pseudo-hermaphrodites with the gonad of one 

 sex no longer corresponding to the intersexual condition of 

 the sex characters. 



Cases of glandular hermaphroditism in the pig have recently 

 been described by Ancel (1920) and by Bujard (1921). Bujard 

 insists that the bilateral glandular intersexuality is much 

 more common than is generally admitted; the fact is often 

 overlooked that the ovarian part of the ovariotestis may 

 be much reduced so as to be found only when a very careful 

 histological examination is made. 



