INTERSEXUALITY 381 



Many cases of intersexuality in the goat, pig, horse, cattle 

 and sheep have been examined by Crew (1923 b and different 

 papers in The Veterinary Journal, Vols. 78 and 79; Fell, 1923 a). 

 As to the genital organs they belonged to the tjrpe described 

 by Pick; an h5rpertrophied clitoris, vasa deferentia, seminal 

 vesicles, prostate, an uterus and a vagina were present. The 

 gonads microscopically resembled a retained testicle; there 

 were undeveloped seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue, 

 sometimes hypertrophied. These cases can be explained 

 as having been primarily glandular hermaphrodites in which 

 the ovarian endocrine tissue has afterwards disappeared. 



Observations on goats have been recently made by Krediet 

 (192 1, 1922), who examined 30 new-born goats and several adult 

 ones. Krediet described in one case a true ovariotestis. The 

 internal genital organs were feminine, but there was also an 

 epididymis. A goat seven years old giving plenty of milk 

 revealed a general male appearance, a bisexual behaviour, 

 and the smell of a male. The genital organs were feminine, 

 but there was an ovariotestis with ova and spermatogonia 

 on both sides. In a second case of a similar kind, spermato- 

 gonia were absent in the ovariotestis. Another case of Krediet 

 is also of great interest. He unilaterally castrated a goat a 

 few days old. The gonad was stated to be an ovariotestis. 

 Four months afterwards the second gonad was removed, and 

 it was stated to have also been an ovariotestis but without 

 spermatogonia, the whole testicular part being in a state of 

 atrophy. Krediet thinks that the second gonad changed during 

 the four months which had elapsed since birth, and he says 

 that this animal, which during youth was a true hermaphrodite, 

 would afterwards have possibly become a female individual. 

 He expresses the matter very well when he says, that an in- 

 dividual which is to-day a false hermaphrodite may have been 

 a true one yesterday. Steinach (1920 a) has described a goat 

 with normally developed female sex characters, but with a 

 decidedly male sex behaviour. There were no signs of heat. 

 Later on the skull became broader than that of the female. 

 The animal was killed at an age of ten months. The genital 

 organs were female and there were ovaries in their normal 

 places. The microscopical examination revealed that the 

 ovaries were really ovariotestes. Steinach explains this case 

 in the following manner. Primarily the female endocrine gland 



