382 INTERNAL SECRETIONS 



of the ovariotestis dominated over the male one, and female 

 sex characters such as the vagina, uterus and mammary 

 gland could develop normally. But subsequently the function 

 of the female gland was impaired and the male gland was 

 activated; a male erotizing influence on the central nervous 

 system and a male influence on the growth of the skeleton then 

 took place. A decidedly homosexual individual was the result. 



There are, however, observations which do not conform with 

 our conception of intersexuality as being caused by simul- 

 taneous or successive intersexual hormonic activity of the 

 sex gland. I should like to mention here the case of Pearl and 

 Surface (1915); a perfectly normal cow eventually assumed the 

 secondary characters of the male, in respect of both body 

 proportions and behaviour. The uterus and the tubes were 

 in an infantile condition. The only change which could be 

 detected in the gonads was the absence of corpora lutea and the 

 formation of follicular cysts. The interstitial cells were normal, 

 but no real luteal tissue was present. So the authors concluded 

 "that the absence of luteal substance in the ovaries was 

 causally connected with the assumption of secondary male 

 sex characters." That this conclusion is not justified is shown 

 by an observation of Crew (1922) on a goat. There was an 

 absolute sterility associated with persistent oestrum and a 

 male smell. The internal genital organs were typically female. 

 There w^as a bilateral cystic degeneration of the ovary. Micro- 

 scopically ovarian tissue was identified ; there were cells similar 

 to those of the mxcmbr. granulosa and luteal cells in abundance ; 

 widely degenerate atretic follicular cysts were to be found. 

 *' The persistence of luteal cells in quantity can account for the 

 disturbance of the oestrous cycle and in part for the widespread 

 follicular degeneration." 



Another case of great interest is that of L. Loeb (1918). He 

 observed a guinea pig with a male sexual behaviour, but 

 without any somatic sex characters: neither a vagina or 

 uterus on the one hand, nor a penis, vas deferens or descended 

 testicle on the other, could be found. Near the place where 

 the ovaries are normally situated round bodies were discovered 

 which consisted microscopically of testicular tissue. The 

 seminal tubules were infantile; the interstitial cells were 

 extraordinarily developed. The mammary gland was much 

 further developed than in an ordinary male. Loeb explains 



