SEX CONDITIOiNS 



ly expected, a male with ivory, noii-catitaloup 

 and non-ivory, cantaloup regions in the same 

 eye. In this case the genetically ivory region 

 bordering the cantaloup changes to wild-type 

 black, a phenotypic complementary effect the 

 result of soaking through into the ivory region 

 of some product dependent upon the dominant al- 

 lele to ivory in the cantaloup region. Similar- 

 ly, feminization occurs in the genitalia of a 

 high proportion of haploid mosaic males, the 

 result of a complementary effect, an interaction 

 between sex factors, differing in the two re- 

 gions, X and Y. These "gynandroid" males (P. W. 

 Whiting, Greb, and Speicher, 1934) develop from 

 unfertilized binucleate eggs in which the sex 

 alleles have been segregated at maturation into 

 the different nuclei. They are , therefore , hap- 

 loid throughout. They sugE^est gynanders (haplo- 

 diploid male-female mosaics) which also arise 

 from binucleate eggs, but in the formation of a 

 gynander one of the nuclei must be fertilized 

 to originate the female regions. Gynandroids 

 are entirely male in appearance except for the 

 relatively small feminized structures added to 

 the male genitalia, usually on one side only 

 (Fig. 14). The male genitalia may show redupli- 

 cation of parts. Gynanders, on the other hand, 

 have extensive female regions of the body, while 

 the genitalia may be either male, female, or 

 mixed. In the latter case there is usually a 

 complete set of male parts but no reduplication. 

 The female structures tend to be lateral on one 

 side only and anterior to the male organs, v/ith 

 appendages of full length. Interpretation of 

 gynandroidism as a complementary effect led to 

 the conclusion that females are heterozygous and 



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