GENE MUTATIONS 



separating black from wild-type whatever the 

 conditions of rearing, for the final check is 

 always extent and intensity of yellow regions 

 on head and legs. They remain more extensive 

 and a deeper yellow in wild-type. 



HONEY, ho (body). In 1932 a type female pro- 

 duced eight daughters and six sons. One of 

 these males lacked black pigment entirely. 

 This trait was found to be hereditary and re- 

 cessive, and it was called honey. Black pig- 

 ment is everywhere absent, even in animals^ 

 reared at low temperatures. A praescutal pat- 

 tern similar to wild-type may be observed, but 

 this is represented in darker yellow or red in- 

 stead of black. This pattern is in the cuticle 

 and not in the structures beneath it. At 

 30° C, honey has the same color as wild-type 

 raised at a temperature high enough to prevent 

 the formation of black in the body. This trait 

 is associated with good viability, but females) 

 are of reduced fertility. 



LEMON, le (body). In September, 1933, one male 

 with lemon body color appeared in a fraternity 

 of 124 males bred from a virgin female (P. W. 

 Whitine, lQ34b). A wild-type female had been 

 crossed with a gynoid (to be described later) 

 male which had been X-rayed (dosage about 3500 

 R units). The trait is very striking, the 

 ground color being pale lemon-yellow, rather 

 than honey-yellow as in wild-type and honey. 

 The black pigmentation of the feet, female 

 gonapophyses, and wings appears perfectly nor- 

 mal while the antennae are black except for the 

 two basal segments which are lemon-yellow. 



35 



