66 Comparative Animal Physiology 



statistical study of the abilities of many individual members of groups which 

 are in transitional stages, e.g., brackish water brachyurans, shore and estuarine 

 snails, or some of the Anura (particularly toads), would provide evidence 

 regarding the role of individual functional differences lin invasion of new 

 environments. Individual differences in response to osmotic stress may be 

 either physiological, representing the normal range of variation, or genetic, 

 providing the means for appearance of new varieties or subspecies which may 

 differ in range of distribution. 



Osmotic regulation, then, comprises a group of very labile characters. 

 Evolution of osmotic function has proceeded in many directions by many 

 small changes. 



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