876 



Index 



Lepus, color changes in, 766 

 Leucine, structural formula, 118 

 Leucophores, control of, 711 

 Leucylpeptidase, 167 

 LH, 741, 747, 750 

 Lichenin, digestion of, 173 

 Light, animal, intensity of, 666 



physical characteristics of, 666 

 wave lengths of, 666 



cells, 383 



compass reaction, 393 



effect on color change, 684 



effect on reproductive cycles, 750 



intensity, magnitude of retinal action 

 potential and, 425 



orientation to, 381 



production of. See Bioluminescence. 



protection from, color change and, 716 



reaction, dorsal, 393 



sensitivity to, 381-446 

 diffuse, 381 

 localized, 383 



See also Photoreception. 

 Ligia, melanophore changes in, 702, 703 

 Limnaea, osmoregulation in, 20, 36 

 Litnnophilus, larvae of, 35 

 Limulus, dark adaptation in, 432 



electrocardiogram of, 556 



electroretinogram in, 422 



heart in, 544, 547 



electrical stimulation of, 566 



optic nerve fibers in, 429, 430, 431 



optic nerve impulses in, 428 



osmoregulation in, 26 



oxygen transport in, 326, 327, 328 

 Linoleic acid deficiency in Ephestia, 133 

 Lipases, 176 

 Lipophores, 681 



Littorina, reproductive cycle in, 752 

 Lizards, nitrogen excretion in, 200 

 Lobster, effect of acetylchohne on heart of, 



560 

 Locomotion, amoeboid, 630, 632 



ciliary, 640 



in invertebrates, reflex control of, 812 



in vertebrates, spinal reflex control of, 

 821-827 



peripheral vs. central control of, 809 

 Locusta migratoria, color change in, 691 

 Loligo, giant fibers in, 789 



oxygen consumption in, 233 

 Luciferase, 667 

 Luciferin, 667 



absorption spectrum of, 669, 670 

 Lucilia sericata, haltere of, 524 

 Lumbricus, hemoglobin function in, 321, 

 322 



light sensitivity in, 383 

 nervous system in, 811 



osmoregulation in, 36, 37 



Lumbricus. See also Earthworm. 

 Luminescence, 660-676. See also Biolumi- 

 nescence. 



extracellular, 671 

 Lungfish, nitrogen excretion in, 197 

 Lungs, 217-222 



diffusion, 219 



in diving mammals, 259 



respiration by, 212 



ventilation, 220 



water-, 217 

 Luteinizing hormone, 741, 747, 750 

 Luteo tropin, 750 

 Lyctidae, wood digestion in, 172 

 Lymph hearts, 551 

 Lysine, structural formula, 118 



Magnesium ions, effects on hearts, 564, 

 565 

 in sea water and body fluids, 78 

 in tissues and body fluids, 76 

 ratios of concentration, 82 

 Maja, volume changes in sea water in, 21 

 Male hormones. See Androgens. 

 Male reproductive cycle, endocrine influ- 

 ences on, 749 

 Malleus, 473 



Maltase, distribution of, 174 

 Mammals, acclimatization in, 348 



blood of, reactions to carbon dioxide in, 



331 

 body temperatures in, 362 

 cerebellum in, 832 

 chemoreception in, 457 

 conditioned responses in, 846 

 cortical function in, 837 

 digestive secretion in, 156 

 diving, duration of dives in, 258 

 embryonic^ oxygen consiunption in, 



230 

 erythrocytes in, 295 

 fat digestion in, 178 

 hemoglobin content in, 295 

 hibernation in, 371 

 hormones and growth in, 726 

 kidney in, 48 

 lactation in, 748 

 lungs in, 220 



marine, blood and urine concentrations 

 in, 62 

 osmoregulation in, 60 

 neocortex in, 841 

 nerve conduction in, 784 

 nitrogen excretion in, 196 

 nitrogen requirements of, 121 

 osmoregulation in, 58-62 

 pH of digestive fluids in, 154 

 phonoreception in, 491 

 respiratory characteristics of blood of, 

 307 



