884 



Index 



Sabella pavonia, oxygen consumption by, 



322, 326 

 Saccharase, 174 

 Sacculus, 475 

 Salamanders, gills in, 216 

 Salmon, blood concentration in, 49 

 Salt balance, maintenance of, endocrine 



influences, 760 

 Salt lakes, osmoregulation to life in, 32 

 Salt water. See Sea water. 

 Salts, effects on hearts, 562. See also lows 



and Sodhitn. 

 Saturation, oxygen, 310 



critical oxygen tension and, 250 

 effect of COo on, 315 

 Schiff-Sherrington phenomenon, 826 

 Schistocephalus, osmoregulation in, 18 

 Schistocerca gregaria, respiration during 



flight, 262 

 Scolopidium, 493, 494, 495 

 Scolytidae, wood digestion in, 172 

 Scraping mechanisms for feeding, 146 

 Sea water, carbon dioxide content, 330 

 concentration of ions in, 78 

 copper content of, 304 

 crabs in, 21 



hydrogen ion concentration of, 80 

 fish in, osmoregulation of, 48 

 mammals in, osmoregulation in, 60 

 osmotic adjustment to, 10 

 salinity of, 9 

 Seal, osmoregulation in, 61, 62 



respiratory mechanisms in, 259 

 Seasons, oxygen consumption and, 240 

 Secretin, 156, 762 



Secretion of digestive fluids, stimulation 

 of, 155 

 oxidative, in filling of contractile vacu- 

 ole, 45 

 Sedimentation of proteins, 105 

 Seizure of prey, mechanisms for, 146 

 Semicircular canals, 517 

 Sensilla basiconica, 451 

 campaniform, 506 



adaptation in, 512 

 coeloconica, 451 

 hair, as phonoreceptors, 497 

 placodea, 451 

 Sensitivity, spectral, electrical measure- 

 ment of, 422 

 measurement of, 431 

 to light, 381-446. See also Photorecep- 

 tion. 

 Sepia, eye in, 384 



giant fibers in, 789 

 Sergestes, luminescence in, 662 

 Serine, structural formula, 119 

 Serological relationships of various ani- 

 mals, 105 

 Serum protein. See Blood protein. 



Setae, as feeding mechanism, 146 

 Sex, hormones and, 740-756 



oxygen consumption and, 235 

 Sheep, embryonic behavior in, 828 

 Shivering, 368 



Shrew, oxygen consumption of, 226, 227 

 Shrimps, brine, osmoregulation in, 32 



gonadotropic hormone in, 754 



luminescence in, 662, 663 

 Sigura luguhris, osmoregulation in, 33 

 Silkworm, developmental hormone in, 735 

 Simocephalus, oxygen consumption in, 



233 

 Sinus gland in crustaceans, as source of 

 chromatophorotropins, 696 

 effect on molting, 739 

 gonadotropic hormone in, 754 

 retinal pigment hormone in, 764 

 Sipunculids, blood pressure in, 540, 542 



cholinergic systems in muscles in, 612 



ions in body fluids in, 82 



nitrogen excretion in, 192 



protein in body fluids in, 104 



respiratory pigments in, 294 



uricolytic enzymes in, 203 

 Sipunculus, osmotic adjustment in, 12 



oxygen transport in, 325 

 Size, critical oxygen tension and, 250 



oxygen consumption and, 225 

 Skate, equilibrium reception in, 517 

 Skin, as respiratory mechanism, 211 



thermal receptors in, 364 

 Smell. See Odor and Olfaction. 

 Snail, digestive secretion in, 157 



hemoglobin function in, 324 



muscle tension in, 602 



osmoregulation in, 36 



uric acid in nephridium of, 198, 199 

 Snakes, nitrogen excretion in, 200 



phonoreception in, 489 

 Sodium ions, effects on hearts, 562, 563 

 in sea water and body fluids, 78 

 in tissues and body fluids, 76 

 ratios of concentration, 82 

 Solation in amoebae, 636 

 Solidity perception, 401 

 Solubility of oxygen in biological fluids, 



210 

 Solutions, physiological, for different spe- 

 cies, 95 



properties of, 7 

 Soma, neuronic, responses of, 798 

 Sound discrimination in insects, 496 



intensity of, discrimination of, 482 



localization of, 482 

 in insects, 497 



waves, 471 



See also Phonoreception. 

 Spawning, gonadotropins and, 742 

 Species, oxygen consumption and, 235 



