Index 



885 



Specificity, enzyme, 170 



protein, 103-111 

 immunological, 105 

 Spectacles, 404 



Spectrum sensitivity, electrical measure- 

 ment of, 422 

 measurement of visual function and, 

 431 

 Spiders, ocelli in, 391 



phonoreception in, 499 

 Spinal cord, control of locomotion by, 823 

 organization of, 821 



reflexes, conditioning of, 846 

 Spirocysts, 656 

 Spirostomutn, 44 

 Sponges, chemoreception in, 449' 



conduction in, 777 



fresh-water, osmoregulation in, 35 



See also Porifera. 

 Spongilla, osmoregulation in, 35 

 Squid, muscle contraction in, 593 



oxygen consumption in, 233 



photosensitive pigment in, 410 

 Stapes, 473 



Starch, digestion of, 169, 170, 173 

 Starfish, digestion of gelatin by, 164 



peripheral nervous system in, 809 

 Statocyst, 512 

 Statohth, 514 

 Stemmata, 391 

 Stenohaline, definition, 20 

 Stereotaxis, 507 



Sterols, in various animals, 134 

 Stigma in flagellates, 383 

 Stimulation, tactile, efl^ect on color change, 

 684 



thermal, 364 

 Stimulus, conditioned, 842 



unconditioned, 842 

 Stomach, contents of, pH of, 154 



hormones of, 762 

 Storage of food, 147 

 Streaming, protoplasmic, 630. See also 



Amoeboid movement. 

 Style, amylase in, 171 

 Submergence. See Diving. 

 Sucking mechanisms, 147 

 Sucrose, structure of, 168 

 Sugar utilization in flagellates, 114 

 Sugars. See Carbohydrates and under 



specific compounds. 

 Sulfate ions in sea water and body fluids, 

 78 

 in tissues and body fluids, 76 

 ratios of concentration, 82 

 Summation, muscular, 592 

 Surface tension, amoeboid movement and, 



634 

 Sweating, 367 

 Swim bladder, 218 



Sympathin, 537, 5-57 

 Synapses, 789 



delay at, 799 



facilitation in, 800 



integrative, 847 



mode of transmission in, 791 



potential in, 797 



refractory period at, 800 



relay, 847 

 Synchronization of nerve activity, 807 

 Syncytium, giant fibers in, 787 



Tactile receptors, adaptation in, 510 

 types of, 503 

 sense, 509 



stimulation, eff^ect on color change, 684 

 Talorchestia, oxygen consumption in, 243 

 Tapeworms, dietary factors of, 135 

 Taste, classification of, 462 

 receptors for, 461, 462 

 activation of, 467 

 sensitivity of, 458 

 See also Chemoreception 

 thresholds of, 459 

 Taxis, 381 



Taxonomy, stereochemical basis for, 109 

 Tectum, 833 

 Tegmentum, 833 

 Telencephalon, functions of, 834 

 Telotaxis, 393 



Telphusa fluviatilis, osmoregulation in, 29 

 Temperature, adaptation to, 346 

 changes in, adaptation to, 240-244 

 effect on oxygen dissociation curve, 

 312 

 characteristics, 342 

 coefficient of photochemical reactions, 



406 

 effect on ciliary activity, 649 

 effect on color change, 684 

 effect on reproductive cycles, 75 1 

 effect on retinal action potential, 423 

 high, lethal effects of, 346 

 low, 343 



metabolic response to, 369 

 metabolic aspects and perception, 341- 

 380 

 summary of, 373 

 oxygen consumption and, 240 

 oxygen tension and, 317, 318, 319 

 oxygen tension and consumption and, 



248 

 reception. See Thermoreception. 

 regulation of, chemical mechanisms of, 

 369 

 color change and, 716 

 development of in homoiotherms, 363 

 physical mechanisms of, 366 

 relations in poikilotherms, 349-361 

 respiration and, 261 



