868 



Index 



Cochlea, 474 



structure of, 475 

 Coelenterates, chemoreception in, 449 

 exopeptidases in, 166 

 fresh-water, osmoregulation in, 35 

 ionic regulation in, 84 

 ions in body fluids in, 82 

 luminescence in, 661 

 nematocysts of, 655 

 nerve nets in, 808 

 nitrogen excretion in, 192 

 ocelli in, 384 

 oxygen supply of, 211 

 pH of digestive organs, 152 

 proteinases of, 160 

 site of digestion in, 150 

 speed of nerve conduction in, 782, 783 

 uricolytic enzymes in, 203 

 Coelom, 533 

 Coelomic fluid, protein concentration in, 



104 

 Cold, adaptation to, 241 

 metabolic response to, 369 

 narcosis, 371 

 receptors for, 364 

 Cold-blooded animals. See Poikilotherms. 

 Coleoptera, gills in, 215 

 luminescence in, 664 

 Colliculus, inferior, 834 



superior, 833 

 Color blindness, 437 



Color change and chromatophores, 677-724 

 diurnal rhythms and, 687 

 factors affecting, 684 

 functional significance of, 715 

 light and, 684 

 morphological, 683 

 physiological, 678 



measurement of, 682 

 primary, 687 



seasonal, hormonal control, 765 

 secondary, 685 

 Color vision, 436-440 

 abnormal, 436 



"dominator-modulator" theory of, 439 

 normal, 436 



peripheral mechanism of, 437 

 phylogenetic distribution of, 404 

 Coloration, hormonal control, 765 

 Comparative physiology, defined, 1 

 ecological aspects, 3 

 phylogenetic aspects, 3 

 Compound eye in arthropods, image 



formation in, 389 

 Conditioned responses, classification of, 

 842 

 neural basis for, 843 

 Conditioning, levels of, 842 



theories of, 843 

 Conduction in nerve nets, 808 



Conduction, non-nervous, 776 



nervous, 777-808 

 speed of, 782 



of food, 147 



body region for, 149 

 Contact stimuli, orientation to, 507 

 Contractile vacuole. See Vacuole. 

 Cooling, lethal effects, 343 

 Coordination, non-nervous, 776 

 Copepods, proteinases in, 161 

 Copper, blood, in various animals, 304 

 Corpuscles, pacinian, adaptation in, 511 

 Corpus allatiun, 734 



in grasshopper, fat metabolism and, 



759 

 in insects, gonadotropic activity of, 

 754 

 Corpus luteum, development of, 747 



progestin production by, 746 

 Corpus striatum, 835 

 Cortex, visual, 435. See also Cerebral 



cortex. 

 Corti, organ of, 475 

 Cothurnia, contractile vacuole in, 44 



osmoregulation in, 42 

 Crabs, blood concentrations of, 22, 23, 24, 

 25 



gills in, 214 



kelp, oxygen consumption and body 

 weight of, 228 



motor innervation in, 597 



osmoregulation in both hypertonic and 

 hypotonic media, 27 

 in either fresh or sea water, 28 



respiratory quotient in, 277 



rock, osmoregulation in, 24 



shore, osmoregulation in, 26 



volume changes in sea water, 21 

 Crago, color changes in, 695, 700 

 Crayfish, breathing movements in, 263 



giant fibers in, 788 



kidney of, 30 



molting in, 738 



osmoregulation in, 29 



oxygen consumption in, 239 

 Creatine as muscle phosphagen, 615 



excretion of, 189 

 Creatinine, excretion of, 189 

 Crista, 517 

 Cromofora, 677 

 Crop, functions of, 147 

 Crustaceans, anaerobiosis in, 273 



blood and oxygen capacity in, 304 



blood pressure in, 541 



blood protein in, 104 



breathing movements in, 263 



cardiac pacemaker in, 547 



chemoreception in, 453 



chromatophores in, 680, 693 



digestive tract muscles in, 607 



