42 CHARLES E. STOCKARD 



shepherd show no consistent deviations in their gross mor- 

 phology and microscopic structure from what would be con- 

 sidered normal. Various abnormalities in the endocrines 

 may be found in individual cases but these are not consistent 

 for the breed and are certainly to be expected when it is 

 realized that many of these animals are reared and kept 

 under the most abnormal conditions in so far as their diet 

 and behavior are concerned. These dogs are not usually per- 

 mitted to breed normally as wild animals would, have too 

 little exercise and freedom, and eat an artificial diet, all of 

 which might tend to modify their endocrine glands. We do 

 not claim for them, or any animal, immunity to endocrine 

 disturbances ; but in general their endocrine glands are normal 

 and may well serve as a standard for comparison with the 

 glands of other breeds, particularly since all the animals arc 

 kept under the same uniformly regulated regime. 



