32 CHARLES E. STOCKARD 



Darwin expresses it, a strange fact if only one species had 

 been domesticated throughout the world. 



The natives of Guiana partially domesticated two aboriginal 

 species of wolf and crossed their dogs with them. The two 

 species belonged to a quite different type from the North 

 American and European wolves. Rengger (Naturgeschiehte 

 der Saugetiere von Paraguay 1830 S. 151) gives reason for 

 believing that a hairless dog was domesticated when America 

 was first visited by Europeans. This naked dog is quite 

 distinct from that found preserved in the ancient Peruvian 

 burial places. It is not known whether these two kinds of 

 dogs are the descendants of native species. 



Several old European dogs closely resemble the wolf. The 

 shepherd dogs of Hungary were almost indistinguishable from 

 wolves several generations ago. The European wolf differs 

 slightly from that of America and has been classed as a 

 distinct species. The common wolf of India has been classed 

 as a third species and here again we find a marked resem- 

 blance to the pariah dogs of certain districts. 



Isidore Geoff roy Saint-Hilaire (Hist, Nat. Gen. 1860 T. 

 Ill, p. 101) claimed that not one constant difference could 

 be pointed out between the structure of the jackal and that 

 of the small races of dogs. These also agree closely in 

 habits. Jackals, when tamed, wag their tails, lick the master's 

 hand, roll on their backs and in general exhibit many habits 

 exactly similar to those of the dog. Several of the early 

 students of mammals have expressed strong arguments with 

 respect to the resemblance of the half -domestic dogs of Asia 

 and Egypt to jackals. It has also been claimed that the 

 domestic dogs of lower Egypt and certain mummified dogs 

 have as their wild type a species of wolf, whereas the domestic 

 dogs of Nubia and certain other mummified dogs are closely 

 related to a wild species of the same country, Canis sabhar, 

 which is but a form of the common jackal. The general state- 

 ment has been made that in the East jackals and dogs some- 

 times cross naturally. 



