556 



W. T. JAMES 



movements occur at all times, and it is always necessary to 

 use the harness lest the dogs leave the platform. 



Plate 100 (fig-. 4) shows a dog of this group whose alert- 

 ness will be instantly noticed. They apparently have an 

 excess of energy which must be released, either through di- 

 rected movements to definite signals or undirected movements 

 to non-specific signals. The significance of this will be more 

 apparent when we compare the general activity of the two 

 groups later in this study. 



fthiihfiiflhfcillfei 



Text-figure 95 



Reactions of the active group to negative signals. We have 

 stated above that if the negative signal differs widely from 

 the positive signal, there is no tendency for the food taking 

 reaction to occur. It must be remembered also that thus far 

 no other effector system has been employed. These two 

 factors must be kept in mind in order to understand the 

 behavior of the dogs. 



Animal 438 9 and others of group B usually gave as large 

 a salivary reaction to the negative as to the positive. The 

 reaction to the negative is shown by the striped lines on the 



