GENETIC TYPE AND THE ENDOCRINES 573 



ditions, they will also be on a higher level of activity. If 

 behavior is considered in this manner, referring always to 

 differences under the same conditions, a specific designation 

 as sanguine is difficult to understand. 



The melancholic type seems to have some characteristics 

 of group B, yet in many respects these dogs are similar to 

 those of group A. Pavlov states that these dogs ". . . get 

 used to the experimental surroundings and the associated 

 manipulation very slowly, but when they become thoroughly 

 familiar with the new conditions they make invaluable sub- 

 jects of experimentation", and further "... such animals 

 do not sleep in their stands when the experimental conditions 

 remain more or less constant; on the contrary their condi- 

 tioned reflexes, especially the inhibitory ones, remain extreme- 

 ly stable and regular" (p. 286). The first part of this descrip- 

 tion fits the dogs of group B, but the latter part would not. 

 The animals of group B are slower in making adjustments 

 to the laboratory situation, and retain a high level of activity. 

 They require more time to make the laboratory adjustment 

 and become acquainted with people because they are highly 

 excitable and easily disturbed. But even after they do make 

 this adjustment they remain on a higher level of excitation 

 than those of group A. Their positive reactions remain at 

 a greater magnitude and they have great difficulty in forming 

 negative reactions, in most cases not forming any negative 

 responses. The same thing may be said about the term 

 melancholic as about sanguine — it has little significance when 

 dogs are compared under the same conditions. The descrip- 

 tion of the melancholic type given above would seem to 

 belong in what is termed a mixed behavioral group. The 

 meaning of this term will be clarified later in the report. 



The dogs of the intermediate group are just as difficult 

 to relate to specific temperaments. Pavlov used the terms 

 "choleric" and "phlegmatic" for the animals belonging to 

 this group. The phlegmatic animal is quiet and restrained, 

 tending toward inhibition under ordinary circumstances, but 

 capable of high excitation under certain conditions, as for 



