736 O. D. ANDERSON 



THE INFLUENCE OF THE GONADS UPON THE 

 BEHAVIOR REACTIONS 



Since really potent whole testicular and ovarian extracts 

 were not immediately available at the time of this experiment, 

 study of the influence of these substances upon the reactions 

 of the normal male and female dog* were not attempted. The 

 experiment, therefore, is concerned only with observations 

 of the conditioned reflex following castration and ovariectomy. 

 Three dogs were used, two males and one female. 



The Effect of Castration in the Male 



Dog C-6 $ , bassethound X shepherd F 3 . The conditioned 

 salivary reflex was used, the stimuli to which were Met. 120 

 (positive) and Met. 28 (negative). 



In this dog the aim was to study the effect of early castra- 

 tion on the formation, maintenance and differentiation of 

 the C-R. The animal was therefore castrated when a small 

 puppy, at the age of 2 months, this being of course prior 

 to any special observations of behavior. Four months after 

 the operation, when the puppy was 6 months of age, the C-R 

 tests were begun. They were carried out over a period of 1 

 year and 11 months. 



The results are interesting. The C-R was established in 

 about what may be called the ••usual" time, namely, in seven 

 combinations of Met, 120 and food, but the reflex was far 

 weaker and more erratic than was observed in the •'usual 

 run" of dogs in this study and in that by James ('34). Both 

 the efficiency and the magnitude of the response were far 

 below par. 



As indicated in table 30, the efficiency of the positive re- 

 sponse was 39 per cent below that of eight normal dogs (46 

 per cent as compared with 85 per cent) and that of the negative 

 was 21 per cent higher than the normals (68 per cent com- 

 pared witli 47 per cent). The responses of the castrate were 

 only one-fourth as large and vigorous as those of the normal 

 group (2 compared with 8). 



