GENETIC TYPE AND THE ENDOCRINES 739 



Table 32 shows that the reflexes were but slightly affected 

 following' the operation. The efficiency of the positive re- 

 sponse declined somewhat (92 per cent to 87 per cent). The 

 efficiency of the negative reflex, however, increased consider- 

 ably (10 per cent to 47 per cent). The average magnitude 

 of the C-R showed a very slight decline which may or may 

 not be significant (8 to 7). 



The positive conditioned responses were, on the whole, 

 retarded, as the average latent period showed an increase 

 from 3 to 5 seconds. 



At the end of about a year after the operation the dog- 

 presented the characteristic appearance and reactions of the 

 spayed bitch. She was extremely fat, having a somewhat 

 barrel-shaped body, and the head appeared far too small in 

 proportion. The body shape was very similar to that of the 

 hypophysectomized dog C-l. The animal seemed somewhat 

 less energetic than before. She seemed to prefer to lie down 

 rather than run about as her companion dog did. However, 

 she appeared quite alert and responsive to the various natural 

 stimulations about her. The apparent lack of desire to exercise 

 may be related in some way to the extreme obesity. 



Although with these castrates there were no experiments 

 on restoration of the reflexes by hormone injection, the strik- 

 ing result is that in all three dogs (one early male castrate, 

 one male castrated in maturity, and one female ovariectomized 

 in maturity) the changes in the C-R were all in a common 

 direction — towards deterioration. In other words, the reflex 

 was weaker. The two dogs operated on during maturity 

 showed less of this deterioration than did the individual 

 castrated while young. This parallels common observation 

 on the physical changes in castrates. The animal operated 

 upon at an early age shows, in maturity, more change in 

 general body form than does the animal operated upon 

 when fully grown. 



The efficiency of the negative C-R was enhanced in one 

 dog after the operation. As we have heretofore interpreted 

 it, such an increase means a lower level of excitability. Con- 



