294 CHARLES R. STOCK ARD AND A. L. JOHNSON 



a fully expressed bulldog bead and face. Tbis dog could 

 readily pass as a pure bred English bulldog. He has the short 

 stocky body, wide chest and straight, wide apart "benched" 

 front legs. The cranium is wide and round and the forehead 

 high with a deep depression at the nasion giving the "stop." 

 The nose is short and set back on the short upper jaw. The 

 underswung lower jaw projects forward beyond the upper, 

 and the lower incisors are visible when the jaws are closed. 



The behavior of this bulldog-like hybrid was carefully tested 

 and found to lie similar to that of a slow and stupid bulldog. 

 Examination after the animal's death showed that the ven- 

 tricles of the brain were enlarged to a marked degree through 

 internal hydrocephalus. This is a common condition in the 

 bulldog brain, as it is in several of the achondroplasic and 

 acromegalic skull types; the condition is very prevalent in 

 the Dane-St. Bernard hybrids and in all the bulldog com- 

 binations we have studied. 



The two males in figures 2 and 3 have very short heavy 

 heads with an excessive formation of skin producing loosely 

 hanging folds or wrinkles. As found for the shepherd-bulldog 

 hybrids discussed previously, these strong stocky animals 

 resemble very closely the heavy typed German boxer dog 

 as well as certain breeds of the mastiff. The male in figure 1 

 is of least pronounced bull type. 



The four females are of much the same type as their 

 liiothers. Two (figs. 6 and 7) show fairly pronounced bulldog 

 heads with, however, an excess of muzzle, or too much nose 

 for the bulldog, but with the characteristic protruding up- 

 swung lower jaw and exposed lower incisor teeth. The bitch 

 in figure 5 has a near boxer typed head ; and an almost perfect 

 picture of the German boxer is seen in figure 8. This last 

 bitch has the recessive short bulldog tail, as does the brindle 

 sister (fig. 7) and the male in figure 4; the other five all 

 have long straight tails. 



This cross between the English bulldog and the normal 

 shepherd dog would indicate that the bulldog head is geneti- 



