14 AN INTRODUCTION TO MODERN GENETICS 



CHAPTER PAGE 



B. CYTOPLASMIC DIFFERENCES 



1. Inheritance through the cytoplasm 275 



2. Persistent modifications 278 



3. Maternal effect 280 



XIII. Evolutionary Mechanisms 282 



1. The mechanisms of evolution 



(a) Species initiation 282 



(b) Species divergence 284 



2. Variation within a population 285 



3. The measurement of selective advantage 287 



4. Selection of single genes in infinite populations 288 



5. Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection 291 



6. Selection in finite populations 292 



7. Selection of the genotypic miUeu 297 



8. Evidence for the occurrence of natiural selection 299 



9. The inheritance of acquired charaaers 302 



PART FOUR 



GENETICS AND HUMAN AFFAIRS 



XIV. Animal and Plant Breeding 309 



1. The methods of breeding 309 



2. Selection of one parent only 310 



3. Selection of both parents 313 



4. Inbreeding and the production of pure lines 314 



5. Variation 320 



XV. Human Genetics 325 



A. THE METHODS OF HUMAN GENETICS 



1. The identification of genes s general considerations 325 



2. Autosomal dominants 327 



