HUMAN GENETICS 



345 



therefore became clear that the results of the tests were by no means 

 independent of environmental factors, and their genetic significance is 

 therefore doubtful,^ 



Rather similar results were obtained from tests of Massachusetts 

 school children.^ Children of North Europeans and Jews scored high, 

 those of South Europeans, Mexicans, and Negroes low, even if the 

 parents had lived some time in the United States before the children 



Fig. 142. National and Racial Differences in i.Q. — ^The Pintner-Patterson per- 

 formance tests were given to groups of one hundred boys from Paris, Hamburg, and 

 Rome, and from rural districts in France, Germany, and Italy. The rural groups 

 included only boys who could be definitely classified as Mediterranean, Alpine, 

 or Nordic in racial type. 



were bom. But though these results may perhaps give some indication 

 of the relative merits of different immigrant stocks (provided environ- 

 mental factors can be negleaed) the immigrants are only a selected 

 group of their nation and cannot be directly compared, as the way in 

 which they were selected may have differed from nation to nation. 



An attempt was made to classify the Massachusetts children into 

 racial groups (Nordic, Alpine, and Mediterranean) on the rather rough 

 criterion of eye colour. There was little difference between Nordics, 

 Alpines, and Mediterraneans but considerable difference between 

 different national groups belonging to the same race. The same pheno- 

 menon was found by Klineberg,^ who examined Germans, French, and 



^ Brigham 1930. 2 ^f Freeman 1934. ^ Klineberg 193 1. 



