METHODS OF MEASURING BLOOD FLOW 



l2 93 



Measurement of Flow in Other Organs 



The blood flow of the extremities has been measured 

 in man using the test-substance dilution method 

 [Andres et al. (i)] and in the isolated kidney by Loch- 

 ner & Ochwadt (28). Piiper (35, 36) determined the 

 site of main resistance to flow in the vascular bed of 

 the lungs by injection technique, and also the site of 

 capillaries in the vascular volume of the isolated lungs. 



Measurement of Flow in a Blood Vessel 

 Without Interposing an Organ 



In the procedures described above the perfusion of 

 an organ was measured. The organ served as a mixing 

 chamber, and a reliable time-concentration curve of 

 the test substance was obtained as it left the organ. 



Peterson et al. (34), on the other hand, have developed 

 a method to measure the outflow of the left ventricle 

 which does not involve mixing of the blood and in- 

 dicator substance within the heart. The indicator is 

 injected into the root of the aorta and its concentra- 

 tion is measured in an artery. In the same way, Grace 

 et al. (13) have measured flow in the thoracic aorta. 

 Whereas the above-mentioned two groups used dyes, 

 Frank et al. (8) used cold solutions. Fronek & Ganz 

 (9), using cold injections, were able to measure blood 

 flow in individual small vessels by placing the in- 

 jection and recording sites in close proximity. Since 

 laminary flow is dominant in the blood vessels, special 

 care must be taken to achieve complete mixing of the 

 test substance with the blood. This can be done by 

 choosing a proper diameter and arrangement of holes 

 at the tip of the injection catheter or needle. 



REFERENCES 



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