1780 



HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY 



CIRCULATION II 



Smooth muscle 



characteristics, 870 

 conduction in, 870 

 degeneration, aging and, 872 

 hyporesponsiveness to drugs, Na gra- 

 dient and, 1 145 

 mechanical properties, 872 

 pressure-volume diagrams for, 873 

 response to stretch, 870 

 spontaneous activity, 880 

 tension 



K and, 1 145 



K efflux and, 1 156 



membrane potential and, 1 155 



Na and, 1 144 



Na gradient and, 1 145 



spike activity and, 1 157 



tonus and, 1 156 

 see also Vascular smooth muscle 

 Sodium 



blood pressure and, 1 155 



deficiency, signs, 1 1 43 



distribution in kidney, 1469 



entrance rate into muscle, 1 1 38 



extracellular, blood pressure and, 11 54 



in bladder, 1 141 



in stomach, 1 141 



intake, juxtaglomerular granules and, 



1464 

 in uterus, 1 141 

 in vascular tissue, 1 141 

 ion diameters, 1 1 38 

 ionic radii, 1 137 

 mobility in electric field, 1 138 

 muscle weight and, 1 136 

 radioactive, clearance as measure of 



blood flow, 1328 

 relative diameter, 1 138 

 relation to hypertension, 1142 

 serum level, vascular muscle tension, 



"47 

 smooth muscle tension and, 11 44, 1145 

 space, in organs and tissues, 1 141 

 vascular smooth muscle tension and, 

 [142-1157 

 Sodium chloride 

 diffusion of, 1010 

 diffusion rates, 1012 

 permeability of muscle capillaries to, 



1013 

 renal 



artery pressure and, 11 48 

 lymph flow and, 1058 

 vein flow and, 1 1 48 

 Sodium cyanide 



coronary blood flow and, 945 

 Sodium hydroxide 



mean activity coefficients, 1 1 37 

 Sodium nitrite 



gastric blood flow, 1447 

 Sodium transport 



blood vessel walls in, 884 



influx 



in blood vessel wall, 884 

 in frog skin, 884 



placental, in various species, 1592-1593 

 Spannmuskeln : see Vascular smooth 



muscle 

 Species differences 



atherosclerosis sex hormones and, 1204 



cholesterol feeding and, 1 205 



vascular caliber and medial thickness, 

 1674 

 Spencer, M. P. 



Pulsatile blood flow in the vascular sys- 

 tem, 839-864 

 Splanchnic blood volume 



determination, 1406 



factors affecting, 1406 



measurements of, 1402, 1403 



splenectomy and, 1403 

 Splanchnic circulation 



acetylcholine and, 141 9 



blood transit time, 1402 



diagram, 1406 



hepatic interrelationships, 1428 



inflow, arteriolar resistance and, 1407 



man and dog, 1405 



neurohumoral determinants, 1417 



parasympathetic fibers and, 1415 



pressures in, 1 405 



reflex regulation of, 141 6 



resistances in, 1 405 

 Splanchnic stimulation 



intestinal blood flow and, 1447 



mesenteric blood flow and, 1451 



pancreatic blood flow and, 1450 

 Splanchnic viscera 



innervation of, 141 5 

 Spleen 



arrangement of lymphatics in, 1 038 



blood flow, 1 44 1, 1443 

 factors affecting, 1450 



blood volume in, 1445 



microcirculation in, 910 



removal, splanchnic blood volume and, 



■4°3 



species differences in circulation, 913 



theories of circulation, 910 



vascular connections in, 912 



vascular volume changes in, 955 

 Stable loop 



definition, 867 

 Standing waves 



explanation, 826 

 Static stretch 



definition, 867 

 Stellate ganglion 



stimulation, 1548 



arterial blood pressure, 1548 

 coronary inflow and, 1548 

 Steroids 



absorption of, 1 045 

 Stewart-Hamilton method 



cardiomegaly, 1692 



central blood volume, 1691 



mean circulation time, i6gi 



pulmonary congestion, 1692 

 Stomach 



blood flow, 1441, 1442, 1443 

 factors affecting, 144^ 



blood volume in, 1445 



clearance of aniline, 1443 



electrolyte levels in, 1 141 



microcirculation in, 904 

 Strain differences 



cholesterol feeding and, 1205 

 Stress 



atherosclerosis and, 1 206-1208 



cholesterol metabolism and, 1206 



cutaneous blood flow and, 1339 



epidemiology of, 1 1 8 1 



heart rate and, 1553 



lipid metabolism and, 1206 



serum lipids and, 1 181 



stroke coronary oxygen increase and, 



1553 

 Stress-relaxation 



behavior, in various arteries, 872 



definition, 1084 



description of, 803 



reversibility, 803 

 Stretch curve 



contribution of structural elements, 806 



muscle contraction and, 807 

 Stroke volume 



aorta flow during exercise, 846 



calculated, compared to Fick proce- 

 dure, 834-835 



calculation, 833-835 



central pressure pulse and, 833 



exercise, 846 



indirect calculations, 834 



relation to diastolic capacity, 784 



right ventricular, spontaneous respira- 

 tion and, 785 



under various conditions, 782 

 Subcutaneous tissue 



fluid pressure in, 980 



interstitial fluid pressure, 980 



percentage of parts of human limbs, 

 1327 



percentage composition by volume, 



'327 

 Subclavian artery 



pressure pulse contour, 831 

 Sucquet-Hoyer canal 



description, 1252 

 Sucrose 



blood to tissue permeability, 1023 



capillary permeability, 1023 



diffusion of, 1002, 1010 



disappearance from plasma, 1008 



filtration rate, 1006 



permeability of, 1023 



muscle capillaries to, 1013 



