VI] 



OF MORPHOLOGICAL POLARITY 



455 



of linear arrangements of particles, which in the elongated or 

 "monopolar" cell run parallel with its axis, but tend to a radial 

 arrangement in the more or less rounded or spherical cell. Of late 

 years great importance has been attached to these various linear or 

 fibrillar arrangements, as they are seen (after staining) in the cell- 

 substance of intestinal epithelium, of spermatocytes, of ganglion 

 cells, and most abundantly and frequently of all in gland cells. 

 Various functions have been assigned, and hard names given to 

 them; for these structures include your mitochondria* and your 

 chondriokonts (both of these being varieties of chondriosomes), your 

 Altmann's granules, your microsomes, pseudo-chromosomes, epi- 



'M^m. 





Ih 



A B C 



Fig. 149. A, B, Chondriosomes in kidney- cells, prior to and during secretory 

 activity (after Barratt); C, do. in pancreas of frog (after Mathews). 



dermal fibrils and basal filaments, your archeoplasm and ergasto- 

 plasm, and probably your idiozomes, plasmosomes, and many other 

 histological minutiae f. 



The position of these bodies with regard to the other cell- 

 structures is carefully described. Sometimes they he in the 

 neighbourhood of the nucleus itself, that is to say in proximity to 

 the fluid boundary surface which separates the nucleus from the 



* Mitochondria are threads which move slowly through the protoplasm, some- 

 times break in two, and often tend to radiate from the centrosphere or division-centre 

 of the cell. The nucleoli are two or more Opaque bodies within the nucleus, which 

 keep shifting their position ; within the cytoplasm many small fatty bodies likewise 

 move about, and display the Brownian oscillation, 



t Cf. A. Gurwitsch, Morphologie und Biologie der Zelle, 1904, pp. 169-185; 

 Meves, Die Chondriosomen als Trager erblicher Anlagen, Arch. 'f. mikrosk. Anat. 

 1908, p. 72; J. 0. W, Barratt, Changes in chondriosomes, etc., Q.J. M.S. LVin, 

 pp. 553-566, 1913, etc.; A. P. Mathews, Changes in structure of the pancreas cell, 

 etc., Journ. Mc/rph. xv (Suppl.), pp. 171-222, 1899. 



