MATERIA MEDICA OF THE ANCIENT CHINESE. 21 
five leaves (five leaflets at the top of a common petiole) and 
after four or five years it sends out a second with the same 
number of leaves; it has, however, neither stalk nor flowers 
as yet. At the end of ten years it shoots forth a third 
branch, and many years after a fourth, each of them having 
five leaves. It then begins to produce from the middle of the 
heart a stalk which is commonly called 7 RF po chi chu 
(pestle of a hundred feet). In the third and fourth months it 
bears small pale violet flowers about the size of a grain of millet, 
the filaments of which are like untwisted silk. The fruits 
(berries) which ripen at the end of autumn are of the size 
of a ta tow (Soy bean) and from 7 to 8 together. They are 
at first green but become red as they ripen. When they 
are quite ripe they fall off of themselyes. The root is in 
figure like a man. The Ginseng which is found on the 
Tai shan mountain [v. supra] has a green stalk and green 
leaves and a white root. Another kind of Ginseng grows in 
Kiang Huai [An hui, Kiang su, App. 124, 89]. 1t is called 
tu jen shen (native Ginseng), grows two feet high. Its 
leaves are opposite, resemble a small spoon, like the leaves of 
the kie keng [Platycodon. See 6]. The root, which shows 
five joints, bears likewise a resemblance to the kie keng root 
but is more tender and of a sweeter, more pleasant taste. 
Its flowers appear in the autumn. They are of a purple 
colour tinged with green. The root is dug up in spring and 
in autumn.—It is said that in order to know the true Gin- 
seng of Shang tang, two persons walk together, one going 
with Ginseng in his mouth and the other with his mouth 
empty. At the end of three or five l/ he who has the Ginseng 
in his mouth does not find himself at all out of breath, whilst 
the other on the contrary is tired and breathless. This is a 
mark of the goodness of the drug. 
K‘ou Tsuna-sur [12th cent.]:—The Ginseng of Shang 
tang has a long thin root which sometimes reaches above a 
