MATERIA MEDICA OF THE ANCIENT CHINESE. 41 
of present Kan su, App. 414, 358, 383, 195]. The root is 
dug up in the middle of the 4th month. It is from five or 
six inches to one foot long. The stem is round and of a 
white colour. It is also gathered for use, and pressed and 
dried in the sun. 
Su Sone [11th cent.]:-—The root of the ts‘ao tstung 
yung is very like the jou ts‘ung yung, and after the flowers 
have been scraped off and the drug has been pressed it is 
substituted for the latter ; but it is less potent than the jou 
tstung yung. It is also called lie tang. 
The Ji hua Pen ts‘ao [10th cent.] terms the herba- 
ceous stung yung =4E | | hua (flowering) ts‘ung yung. 
The Ch. [XVI, 58] represents sub Lie tang a cylindrical 
stem covered with scales. ct 
The plant figured in the Phon zo [V, 22] sub Fj BH is 
a small Orobanchacea. 
Under the name of $8 §% so yang the P. [XIla, 43] 
mentions yet another plant which the Chinese believe to be 
a kind of ts‘ung yung. 
Lr Sui-cuen says :—The so yang is produced in Su chou 
(in Kan su). According to the CHo KENG-LU [14th cent.] 
it grows in the steppes of the Ta ta (Tatars, Mongols) in 
such places where the wild horse and the scaly dragon have 
happened to copulate. From the semen dropping upon the 
ground, sprouts like those of the bamboo shoot forth. 
The upper part is more succulent than the lower. It is 
covered with scales, resembles the penis and is a kind of ts‘ao 
ts‘ung yung. It is reported that lecherous women of the 
Ta ta use the so yang for purpose of masturbation. It is said 
that from the contact with the female organ it assumes the 
characteristics of the natural organ. The natives dig it up, 
wash it, take off the skin, dry it in the sun, and then use it as 
a medicine. cee : 
6 
