MATERIA MEDICA OF THE ANCIENT CHINESE. 49 
App. 323] and in the prefectures of Tsz* chou lin Shan tung, 
App. 867], Wen chou [in Che kiang, App. 885] and Mei 
chou [in Sz ch‘uan, App. 219). The plant grows one foot 
high, has no flowers. In its stem and leaves it resembles 
the kuan chung [e. supra]. Its leaves are sharp, finely 
divided. The root is of a black colour three or four inches 
Jong, has many protuberances, resembles the backbone of a 
dog. Large specimens are two fingers’ thick. The flesh 
of the root is of a greenish colour. It is dug up in spring 
and in autumn and dried in the sun. The drug now used 
in medicine is that beset with gold-coloured hairs (radical 
fibres). The plant spoken of by T‘ao Hune-KrnG as having 
prickles is the pi hiai (Smilax) not the kou tsi. 
Lt Sui-cuEn :—Of the hou tsi there are two kinds. One 
has a black root resembling the backbone of a dog, the 
other is covered with gold-coloured hairs and resembles a 
dog in shape. Both are used in medicine. The plant 
described as the hou tsi by Wu P‘u and Téao Huno-xing 
is not the true kou tsi but the pa kia, which according to the 
Po wu-chi [8rd cent.] is akin to the pe luai [v. supra] and 
sometimes is also called kow tsi. The plant described by 
Su Kuye and Su Sune is the true how tsi. 
Ch. [VILIL, 2] sub hou tsi, representation of a fern with 
bipinnate fronds. 
Lovremo [F1. cochin., 829] Polypodium Baromez, U., 
Agnus scythicus, sinice keu tsie. Radix oblonga, crassa, 
carnosa, multiformis, supra terram exerta: radiculis crassis, 
pilis densissimis, tenuibus rufis tota yestita.—This is the 
Cibotium glaucum in Flora hongk, [466], a fern. 
Hans., Sc. pap, 121.—P. Smrru, 194, Tartarian. 
Lamb. 
Cust. Med., p. 186 (47):—Kou tsi exported 1885 from 
Ning po to other Chinese ports 52 piculs,—p. 210 (25), from 
cf 
