MATERIA MEDICA OF THE ANCIENT CHINESE. 69 
Hawn Pao-snene [10th cent.]:—The plant grows in a 
bushy manner, about one foot high. One stem (petiole) bears 
three leaves, which do not fall off in winter, The flowers are of 
a yellow colour. The drug produced in Kiang tso [S. An hui, 
Kiang su, App. 124] is like a string of beads, that from 
Shu (Sz ch‘uan) does not show this peculiarity. Now the 
best sort is considered to come from the country of Ts‘in 
[Shen si, App. 358], also from Hang chou [in Che kiang, 
App. 58], Liu chou [in Kuang si, App. 199]. 
Su Kune [7th cent.]:—This plant is produced in Shu 
[Sz ch‘uan, App. 292], in Kiang tung [ Kiang su, Che kiang, 
App. 124], and in Li chou [in Hu nan, App. 185]. The 
drug from the latter place is the best. 
Su Sone [11th cent.]:—The plant grows in Kiang and 
Hu [Mid China, App. 124, 83], in King chou [in Hu pei, 
App. 146], K‘ui chou [in Sz ch‘uan, App. 170] and Siian 
ch‘eng [in An hui, App. 315]. The drug from the latter 
Place is of a superior quality. Inferior sorts come from Shi 
[in Hu pei, App. 288], K‘ien [N. Kui chou, App. 141], 
Tung yang [in Che kiang, App. 376], Hi chou [in An hui, 
App. 62], Ch‘u chou [in Che kiang, App. 23]. The plant is 
one foot high, the leaves resemble those of the kan ka (sweet 
Chrysanthemum, unknown to me). In the 4th month it 
bears yellow flowers, in the 6th it produces fruits like those 
of the &in (celery) and likewise yellow. 
[a Sni-cuey :—At the time when Li Taxa-cat wrote 
his’ herbal, at the end of the Han dynasty, the huang lien 
from Shu [W. Sz ch‘uan] was considered the best. In the 
T'ang period the drug from Li chou [v. supra] was preferred. 
Now the drug used in medicine comes from Wu [Kiang su, 
App. 389] and Shu [Sz ch‘uan]. The best is that produced 
in Ya chou and Mei chou [both in Sz ch‘uan, App. 398, 219]. 
There are two sorts of huang lien. One has a coarse root 
destitute of hair (radical fibres), and forming a series of 
