168 BOTANICON SINICUM. 
rind (of the root) is black, the flesh white with black veins. 
When dried in the sun it becomes black, like the root of the 
ytian shen [see 18]. 
Ch., XI, 387:—Fet lien. The drawing is probably 
intended for Carduus crispus, L., with which the above 
Chinese description of the fe lien agrees. Carduus crispus 
is a common plant in the Peking mountains. 
So moku, XV, 40 :—Ff€ é Carduus crispus. See also 
Kwa wi, p. 9. 
88.— ES Joe chiu ma. P.,XV,51. 7., XXXIX. 
This is the grass-cloth plant, Boehmeria nivea. See 
Bot. sin., U1, 391. 
The Pie lu gives only the name ch‘u ma, and specifies 
its medical virtues. Root and leaves used in medicine. 
Taste sweet. Nature cold. Non-poisonous. 
T‘ao Huna-x1ne says, the ch‘u is a kind of hemp, used 
for spinning thread. 
Su Sune [11th cent.]:—The ancient authors do not 
record where the ch‘u ma is produced. Now it grows 
plentifully in Min [Fu kien, App. 222], Shu [Sz ch‘uan, 
App. 292], Kiang [Kiang su, etc., App. 124] and Che 
[Che kiang, App. 10]. From its fibres cloth is woven. 
The plant grows from seven to eight feet high. Its leaves 
resemble the leaves of the ch‘u [Broussonetia papy” ifera. 
See 333], but are not lobed. They are green on the uppeF 
side, white underneath, covered with short hairs. In summer 
and autumn the plant bears spikes of small green flowers. 
Root yellowish white, not heavy. 
Li Sut-cuen :—The ch‘w occurs wild and is also much 
cultivated. The people distinguish the 3% | tse (purple) 
ch‘u, with purple leaves, and the Fy | pai (white) oh 
