MATERIA MEDICA OF THE ANCIENT CHINESE. 189 
yellow, white and purple [probably the author has in view 
an Aster with a yellow disk and purple or white radiate 
florets]. The seed is black. 
Cx‘en Tsz‘-mine [18th cent.]:—The best tsz‘ yian 
comes from Lao shan [App. 179]. The root resembles 
that of the northern si sin [Asarum. See 40]. It is also 
met with in I chou and Yen chou [both in Shan tung, 
App. 106, 404] and eastward. 
— Li Sut-caen :—The Shuo wen writes the name of the 
Plant i J& ts‘ct yan. Another ancient name [Taoist ?] 
is 3 Sh HE fan hun ts‘ao. It is also called 7% 38 4 ye 
Kien niu [comp. 168]. 
Cust. Med., p. 124 (66):—Tsz‘ yuan exported 1885 
from Chin kiang 347 piculs,—p. 282 (140), from Amoy 
0.24 picul. | 
In the So moku [XVI, 59] 3 HE is Aster trinervius, 
Roxbg.—Ch., XI, 53 :—Tsz yuan. Only leaves represented. 
It does not seem that an Aster is intended. 
P. Smrra [71] identifies the tsz‘ ydan arbitrarily with 
Convolvulus. 
103.—2e 3H na yuan. P., XVI,14. 7. CXXX. 
Pen king:—Na yuan. Root officinal. Taste pungent. 
Nature warm. N. on-poisonous. 
Pie lu :—Other names: Fy | pai (white) yaan, $F | 
chi nit yiian. The ni ytan grows in Han chung [S. Shen si, 
App. 54], in mountain-valleys, also in Shan yang [in Shan 
tung, App. 270]. It (the root) is gathered in the 1st and 
2nd months and dried in the shade. 
In the Kuang ya [3rd cent.] it is called H $f nu fu. 
The Chinese authors do not describe the ni ytan, but 
‘Lt Sarcuey says that it is allied to the tse‘ yuan [102]. 
