MATERIA MEDICA OF THE ANCIENT CHINESE. 233 
In the Kuang ya [8rd cent.] it is called F& Fe ma wee 
(horse’s tail), 
‘Pie lw:—The shang Iv grows in Hien yang [in Shen si, 
App. 65] in mountain-valleys. It (the root) has the shape 
of a man and has spiritual (divine) power (ji). 
Let Hrao [5th cent.]:—There are two kinds of this 
plant which resemble each other in their leaves. One is 
called #§ BB cht (red) ch‘ang. It is not edible, but is 
injurious to man. The other has white flowers [and is called 
the white ch‘ang. See further on]. It is cultivated, and 
the sien jen (immortals, Taoists) use it for food. | 
Su Kune [7th cent.]:—There are two sorts—the red 
and the white. The white is used in medicine, the red is 
possessed of evil power and is very poisonous. 
Hawn Pao-suenc [10th cent.]:—The plant has large, 
thick, succulent leaves resembling in shape the tongue of an 
ox. That with red flowers has also a red root. The root 
of the white flowered is white. The root is dug wi in the 
2nd and 8th months and dried in the sun. 
Sv Sune [11th cent.]:—The popular name of the plant 
is $F PM) HE chang liu ken. It is much cultivated in gardens. 
It grows from three to four feet high. The leaves resemble 
the tongue of an ox, but are longer. Stem green and red and 
soft. It flowers in summer and in autumn. Purplish red 
flowers in clusters. The root resembles a radish, but is 
longer. It is mentioned in the Rh ya. The flowers are also 
used in medicine. 
In the K‘ai Pao Pen ts‘ao ve cent.| the plant is 
also called nee Be tang lu and Fy & pai (white) chang 
[v. supra]. 
Lr Sui-cnen:—In ancient times the shang lu was 
cultivated as a vegetable. The sort with a white root as 
_ Well as the purple sort are propagated by planting the root 
_ cut in pieces. It can also be raised from seeds. The root, as 
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