344 BOTANICON SINICUM. 
Wu Pu [8rd cent. ] calls it $2 SE yao hiv. 
T‘ao Hune-Kine :—One kind, which is a common plant, — 
grows on stones. That with numerous joints is the best. — 
That with a large root, which grows in low, damp places, is 
called & By ch‘ang yang. It is not much used for food. 
The true ch‘ang p‘u has a leaf which shows a ridge (an 
elevated line) like a sword. In the 4th and 5th months it — 
produces minute flowers. There is one kind found in Eastern 
China, in rivulets and swamps, which is called ¥A #R k% sun. 
In odour and colour its root is much like the ch‘ang pu — 
which grows on stones, but its leaves are very like the leaves | 
of the p‘u (Typha) and have no ridge (elevated line). It — 
is frequently confounded with the stone ch‘ang piu. It is : 
not eaten, but is employed as an expectorant, and is also — 
useful in destroying fleas and lice. 
Ta Mine [10th cent.]:—The root of the ch‘ang p‘u which — 
grows in stony rivulets is small and hard. The best is that — 
with nine joints within one inch of the root. It is produced — ; 
in Siian chou [in An hui, App. 315]. — 
Su Sune [11th cent.]:—It is a common plant. The — 
best sort is produced in Ch‘i chou [in An hui, App. 21] and " 
in Jung chou [in Sz ch‘uan, App. 112]. The leaf is from — 
one foot to two feet long, has an elevated middle ridge like me. 
sword. It has neither flowers nor fruit. Its root is contorted, — 
creeping, has joints, and resembles a switch. The principal : 
root sends out three or four lateral roots with joints close : 
together, 12 within an inch. The fresh root is soft and 
hollow, but after having been dried in the sun it becomes — 
hard and solid. When broken the heart shows a reddish — 
tinge. Its taste is acrid and aromatic. The plant is much : 
cultivated for medical use, but the best is that brought by . 
the savages (Man) of K‘ien [N. Kui chow, App. 141] and = 
Shu (Sz ch‘uan). This is the shi (stony) ch‘ang p‘u. Another 
