MATERIA MEDICA OF THE ANCIENT CHINESE. 405 
Pie lu:—The hien shi, which is also called BE | mu (mo) 
shi and #f] | sé (small) shi, grows in Huai yang [in Ho nan, 
App. 91] in marshes and fields. Its leaves resemble the 
lan leaves [ Polygonum. See123]. They are gathered in the 
11th month. risa 
Lt Tane-cur [3rd cent.]:—Jlien shi is the same as the 
vegetable ] 28 hien ts‘ai. J 
T‘ao Hune-Kine :—The hien shi, which according to the 
Pie lu is the same as the’ si hien, and the leaves of which 
resemble the Jan, is the Fy ] pad (white) hien. The si hien is 
the same as the BK | k‘ang hien, and is the best sort for food. 
All the sorts of hien are valuable in the cold season. They 
ripen after hoar-frost, wherefore the Pie lu states that the 
hien shi is gathered in the 11th month. There is also the 
Ie | chi (red) hien, with a purple stem, not fit for being 
used as food. Another kind is the & ] ma (horse) Aien. 
It grows along the ground and has very small fruits (seeds). 
Its popular name is F% ff ] ma chi (horse’s teeth) Aien.. 
But this is not akin to the hien shi [it is the Portulaca 
oleracea, L.]. 
Su Kune [7th cent.]:—The ch‘t (red) hien is also called 
BE kui. Mu shi, in the Pie lu, is a misnomer. 
Han Pao-snune [10th cent.]:—There are six sorts of 
hien, viz. the chi (red) hien, the pai (white) hien, the ,, | 
jem (man) hien, the Ze | ts‘ (purple) Aven, the Fr t& | 
wu sé (five colours) Aven and the ma (horse) hien. Only the 
fruits (seeds) of the jen hien and the pai hien are used in 
medicine. The ch‘i (red) hien is of a pungent taste and has a 
different effect, 
Su Sune [11th cent.]:—The jen hien and the pai hien have 
great cooling properties. There are other sorts, such as the 
Mang hien, the #] | hu hien and the si hien. They all have the 
same seeds. The largest sort is the pai hien and the smallest 
the jen hien. The seeds ripen after hoar-frost, and are small 
