MATERIA MEDICA OF THE ANCIENT CHINESE. 431 
Su Kune [7th cent.]:—The Ts‘in tsiao in its leaves, 
trunk and fruit resembles the-Shu tsiao [see 289], but it is 
smaller and less pungent in taste. It grows plentifully in the 
Ts‘in ling mountains in the district of Lan ten {in Shen si, 
App. 175]. . 
Su Sune [11th cent.]:—JI¢t is common in Ts‘in chou 
[in Kan su, App. 358], in Feng chou, Kin chou, and Shang 
chou [all in Shen si, App. 39, 143, 278] and in Ming chou 
and Yiie chou [both in Che kiang, App. 224, 418]. It flowers 
at the beginning and produces fruits towards the end of 
autumn. The fruit is gathered in the 9th or 10th month. 
In the Rh ya it is called ta (great) tsiao. Also mentioned in 
the Shi king. The Ts‘in tsiao has large fruits. 
K‘ou Tsune-sut [12th cent.]:—The Ts‘in tsiao is ‘pro- 
duced in the country of T's‘in, whence the name. The various 
tsiao trees resemble each other in their trunks, but the 7s‘in 
tstao has larger leaves and the fruit is also larger as in the 
Shu tsiao, and the wrinkles are different. The Shu tsiao is 
likewise found in the country of Ts‘in. 
Lt Sut-cuen :—The Ts‘in tsiao is the same as the 7& # 
hua tsiao. Its native country is the land of Ts‘in, but it is 
now common all over China and is easily cultivated. Its 
leaves grow opposite and are pointed. It is covered with spines. 
{t blossoms in the 4th month. Small flowers. The fruit is 
produced in the 5th month. It is at first green, becomes red 
when ripe and is larger than the fruit of the Shu tsiao, but the 
eyes (Fj, or seeds) are smaller, shining and black. The 
Fan tse ki jan says:—The Shu tsiao is produced in gt % 
Wu tu [in Kan su, App. 895]. That of a red colour is the 
best. The Ts‘in tsiao grows in Lung si and T‘ien shui [both 
in Kan su, App. 216, 339]. That with small seeds is the heat. 
Su Suya’s statement regarding its flowering in autumn 1s 
Incorrect, 
