MATERIA MEDICA OF THE ANCIENT CHINESE. 433 
flesh (of the carpels) is thick.- The inner side is white. 
Strong smell and taste. It is also found in Kiang yang 
[in Sz ch‘uan, App. 130], in Tsin ktang [in Kuang tung, 
App. 355] and Kien p‘ing [in Hu pei, App. 189], but this 
drug is small, red, pungent, not fragrant and less potent than 
that from Pa. 
The P‘ao chi lun [5th cent.] calls it Rj HX nan (southern) 
tsiao. 
Su Kune [7th cent. ]:—Now that produced in Si ch‘eng, 
depending on Kin chou [in Shen si, App. 295, 143] is the 
best. 
The Ji hia Pen ts‘ao [10th cent.] calls it YE HX Lan tsiao. 
Sv Sune [11th cent.]:—In Kui chou and Hia chou 
[both in Hu pei, App. 169, 64], in Shu ch‘uan (Sz ch‘uan, 
App. 292] and in Shen and Lo {both in Ho nan, App. 283, 
201] it is much cultivated in gardens. It is a tree, from 4 to 
5 feet high, which resembles the chu yit [Boymia, see 291] 
but is smaller and provided with spines. The leaves are hard 
(coriaceous) and shining. A beverage is made by boiling 
them. In the 4th month it produces fruits. It does not 
flower. The fruits appear in the axils of the twigs and leaves, 
resemble small peas, are globular and have a purplish red skin. 
They are gathered in the 8th month and dried by fire. This 
tree is also found in Kiang and Huai [ Kiang su and An hui, 
App. 124, 89] and in North China. It is similar to that 
growing in Shu, but the drug yielded by it is different, it has 
a thick rind, white on the inner side, and has an ardent taste. 
Lit Sut-cren :—Other names: Jif fz Ch‘uan (Sz ch‘uan) 
tsiao and BE] tien tsiao. The Shu tsiao (the fruit) has a thick, 
fleshy, wrinkled (warty) rind (carpels) which contains a 
shining, black seed resembling the pupil of the eye, wherefore 
the seeds are also called # A tsiao mu (eye). 
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