MATERIA MEDICA OF THE ANCIENT CHINESE. 461 
Cuane Yi-n1:—The Nan Jang t wu chi [4th or 5th 
cent.] states that the hin lu is produced in the kingdom 
Ta tein (the Roman Empire in Europe and Asia) by a 
large tree which is found near the seashore, and in its leaves 
and branches resembles an old fir tree. It grows plentifully 
in a sandy soil. In summer the resin flows out from the 
trunk into the sand. It resembles the gum of the peach 
tree. It is collected by the natives and sold to the traders, 
The natives eat the inferior soris.® 
K‘ou Ts‘una-sut [12th cent.]:—The hain lu is also called 
ju hiang, for it runs down [from the trunk] in drops which 
have the form of a nipple. It is fragrant. There is in 
Nan Hin tu (Southern India), in the country of O-ch‘a li, 
a tree called Aiin lu, which in its leaves resembles the tfang li 
(a pear tree).*! This tree yields the pi FF si hiang (western 
perfume). The ju hiang, which is brought from the southern 
countries, is of a higher quality. 
Cuey Cu‘ene [11th cent. }:—That which is called the 
“western perfume” comes from Ten chu (India). The 
southern drug is produced in Po sz‘ (Persia) and other coun- 
tries. The first is of a yellowish white colour and the second 
is purplish red. The resin taken fresh from the tree is 
more ‘highly valued than that [collected from the ground and] 
mixed with sand. Huan lu is a general name. The name 
ju hiang (nipple perfume) is applied to the nipple-shaped drug. 
resin from firs and from the feng tree (Liquidambar) 
Sometimes shows pieces of the same shape. 
Lr Sat-cuen :—The ju hiang is frequently adulterated 
with the feng hiang or Liguidambar resin. But the drags 
can be distinguished by burning them. There are various 
Sorts of ju hiang distinguished in commerce by peculiar 
© This account is partly borrowed from the Wan fang ts‘ao mu chuang. 
» This is taken from HUAN TSANG’S travels, Sce BEAL’s Buddh, Rec, 
of the Western World, I, 265, 
