MATERIA MEDICA OF THE ANCIENT CHINESE, 473 
the fruit is 3 Pf chu che [see further on]. The how p‘o is 
produced in Kiao chi (Cochinchina) and Yian ki [in Shan 
tung, App. 415]. The bark is gathered in the 3rd, 9th and 
10th months, 
In the Kuang ya it is called a J¥ chung p% (heavy 
bark). 
Tao Hune-xina :—Now the drug produced in Kien 
p‘ing and I tu [both in Hu pei, App. 139, 104] is considered 
the best. It (the bark) is very thick and the flesh is of a 
purple cclour. That with a thin, white outer coat is not 
valued. It is much used in common prescriptions. The 
Taoists do not employ it. 
Su Sune [11th cent.]:—It is common in the mountains 
of Lo yang [in Ho nan, App. 201], in Shen si [App. 284], 
Kiang and Huai [Kiang su and An hui, App. 124, 89], 
Hu nan [App. 83] and Shu ch‘uan [Sz ch‘uan, App. 292]. 
That from Tsz‘ chou and Lung chou [both in Sz ch‘uan, 
App. 366, 210] is also good. The tree is from 30 to 40 feet 
high, and from 1 to 2 feet in diameter. Leaves like those of 
the hu (Quercus obovata, large leaves) and persistent. Flowers 
red, fruit green. The bark is very scaly and shrivelled, 
thick, of a purple colour and succulent. That which is thin 
and white is not fit for use. 
K‘ou Tsune-saz [12th cent.]:—It grows also in I yang 
hien {in Ho nan, App. 108] and in Shang chou [in Shen si, 
App. 278], but the drug there is thin, of a pale colour and 
far inferior to that from Tsz‘ chou [v. supra], which is thick, 
of a purple colour and oily (resinous). 
Li Sut-cuen:—The p‘o tree has the outer bark white 
and the flesh purple-coloured. The leayes resemble those 4 
the hu [v. supra]. It blossoms in the 5th or 6th — : 
Small flowers. The fruit resembles that of the tung és‘ing 
[Llex. See 342], is green at first, and red when ripe. It 
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