MATERIA MEDIGA OF THE ANCIENT CHINESE. 533 
The Sten king says that the fu ling is as large as a man’s 
fist. When worn in the girdle it will discomfit evil spirits. 
T’ao Huya-xina :—The drug brought from Yii chou 
[in Kuang si, App. 412] is of a large size, like a vessel with 
acapacity of three or four sheng. The outer skin is black 
and has small wrinkles. The inner substance is hard and of a 
white colour. The best drug is that which has the appearance 
of a bird or a beast or a tortoise, ete. The red Ju ling is less 
valued. It does not decay and is not eaten by insects. Even 
after remaining underneath the ground for thirty years it will 
not change its colour and texture. 
Su Kuna [7th cent.]:—Now the fu ling which is 
produced in T‘ai shan is compact and finely veined. It is 
not much used. The best comes from Hua shan [in Shen si, 
App. 86]. This is very coarse in texture and massive. It is 
also found in the Southern mountains of Yung chou [Shen si, 
App. 424], but this also is inferior to the Hua shan drug. 
In the Ki shi chu ['T‘ang period] this drug is called 
AN FE BS pu sz* mien (undying flour). 
Han Pao-suene [10th cent.]:—It is found in places 
wherever large fir trees grow. It abounds in Hua nas, 
where it is found under dried-up fir trees. It appears in 
lumps. The drug which has the appearance of a tortoise or a 
bird is especially valued. 
Cuane Yii-st [11th cent.]:—The Fan tse‘ ki jan [ Bot. 
sin., I, p. 145 (104)] says:—The fu ling is produced on the 
Sung shan [in Ho nan, App. 317] and in San fa [in Shen si, 
App. 265]. Huarnan 1sz‘ says that the /u ling is found under 
fir trees a thousand years old. The ¢‘u sz‘ (Cuscuta. Bee 163] 
grows above. The Tien shu says that after the resin of the 
fir tree has entered the ground and remained there a thousand 
years it is changed into fu ling. When you see the fir tree 
