APPENDIX. 547 
APPENDIX. 
CHINESE GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES MENTIONED 
IN THE PEN TS‘AO KANG MU. 
As is well known, the modern political division of China 
proper is into 18 4} sheng or provinces with the subdivisions 
If /u (prefectures) 181, pA HE IP chi U chou (independent 
departments) 67, J)] chow (departments, dependent on a 
fu) 143, and M& hien (districts, the lowest division of a 
province, dependent on a prefecture or an independent 
department) 1,279. 3 
The meaning of the character Jf] chow has varied greatly 
in course of time. Originally the nine provinces into which 
ancient China was divided by Emperor Yao [B.C. 2360] 
were termed chou. His successor SHuN [B.C. 2255] divided 
the Empire into twelve chow. Yi, the first Emperor of 
the BF Hia dynasty which reigned in China B.C. 2205- 
1766, re-established the division into nine provinces, and 
these nine chow continued during the 7 Shang (or Be Yin) 
[1766-1122] and J3} Chou [1122-249 B.C.]. 
The China of the {J Chou dynasty lay between the 
_ 83rd and 88th parallels and occupied only about two-thirds of 
the present China proper, reaching to the south nearly half- 
way from the Yellow River to the Yang tsz’. 
of the royal state held by the kings wang) themselves, 
It consisted 
