APPENDIX. 553 
empire, as far south as the Han and Huai rivers, to the Kin, 
the capital was- moved to At JP] Hang chou, also called 
hii Zé If Lin an fu (now Hang chou fu in Che kiang), In 
1276 the Mongols took Lin an fu, and in 1280 the whole 
empire of the Sung was in the hands of the Mongols. 
Since the first half of the 10th century Northern China 
was detached from native rule and subject to foreign dynas- 
ties,—first to the $2} Ki tan, a people of Tungus origin 
who conquered Mongolia and in 936 wrenched from the 
_ emperor Kao Tsu of the Hou Tsin dynasty the northern 
part of the present provinces of Chi li and Shan si. The 
dynasty of the Ki tan, known in Chinese history as the 
2 Liao, subsisted from 916 to 1125, when it was dis- 
placed by another Tartar dynasty, the Churche or 4 Kin 
[1125-1234], who, having subdued the whole of Mongolia, 
succeeded also in conquering from the Sung all the pro- 
vinces of North China as far south as the Han and Huai 
rivers [1127]. The capital of the Kin was in 4 4% Chung 
tu (now Peking). The Kin dynasty was destroyed by the 
Mongols in 1234. 
The 3g Yiian or Mongol dynasty in China, after the 
destruction of the Kin and the Sung, ruled over China 
proper from 1260 (or 1280 when the south had also been 
subdued) to 1368. China was then divided into 12 provinces 
or governorships (47 Ht BZ hing chung shu sheng). The 
capital was at 7 # ‘Ta tu (now Peking). There were 
187 }4% lu or prefectures. In some of them were one or 
several fff fu, altogether 42. There were 381 chou or 
departments and 1,132 hien. : 
The I] Ming dynasty [1368-1644]. The political division 
~ of China proper in this period was similar to that of nowadays, 
but there were only 12 provinces. The first two, with the 
two capitals Peking and Nan king, were termed tt i = 
Pei chi li and jj jf St Nan chi li (morthera and southern 
70 : 
